Challenging the Perception: Turning the Ideal into Reality

  • Gail Horton Formerly Birmingham International Academy University of Birmingham, UK
Keywords: intercultural communication, personal skills, reciprocal learning,

Abstract


Most initiatives in many UK universities designed to integrate their home and international student cohorts are likely to take place either within academic courses or through extra-curricular activities.  Unusually, for 8 years between the academic years 2007/8 and 2014/15, the University of Birmingham in the UK ran an elective module within its Personal Skills Award (PSA) that combined academic assessed learning in a social setting.  This module sought to facilitate intercultural communication using the potential of its culturally diverse student population as a resource for intercultural learning in order to realise De Vita’s (2005) ‘ideal’.  The participants, home and international undergraduates, developed their intercultural awareness over a period of several weeks by being each other’s cultural informants in social meetings outside the classroom, acting in effect as case studies.  To pass the module and achieve 10 credits (which were included on their degree transcript) the participants had to submit a reflective learning journal and attend a short interview about what they had learnt.

Data obtained from responses to a questionnaire sent to course participants concludes that they benefitted from, and valued, not only the autonomous dual learner-teacher approach but also the informal nature of the learning situation

.

References

Alim, S.H. (2005). Hearing What’s not said and missing what is: Black Language in White Public Space. In Kiesling, S.F. and Bratt Paulston, C. (Eds.). Intercultural Discourse and Communication (pp. 180-197). Blackwell.

Allhouse, M. (2013). International student engagement with Student Union activities as a way to increase a sense of belonging, improve cultural integration and aid language confidence. International Student Experience Journal. 1/2.

Barrett, M., Byram, M., Lazar, I., Mompoint-Gaillard, P. & Philippou, S. (2013). Developing Intercultural Competence through Education. Council of Europe.

Bennett, M.J. (2009). Defining, measuring, and facilitating intercultural learning: a conceptual introduction to the Intercultural Education double supplement. Intercultural Education. 20/1, 1-13.

Boud, D. (1988). Developing Student Autonomy in Learning. New York: Kogan Page.

Bowers, R. (1992). Memories, metaphors, maxims, and myths: language learning and cultural awareness. ELT Journal. 46/1, 29-38.

Brown, H.D. (1993). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice Hall Regents.

Brown, L. (2009). An ethnographic study of the friendship patterns of international students in England: An attempt to recreate home through conational interaction. International Journal of Educational Research. 48, 184-193.

Brown, L. (2009). A Failure of Communication on the Cross-Cultural Campus. Journal of Studies in International Education, 439-454.

Caruana, V. and Spurling, N. (2007). The Internationalisation of UK Higher Education: a review of selected material. Higher Education Academy.

Chen, X. (2013). Learning and understanding in a multinational environment over lunchtime. International Student Experience Journal, 1/2.

Daun, A. (2005). Swedishness as an Obstacle in Cross-Cultural Interaction. Ethnoloigia Auropaea. 14/2, 95-109. In Kiesling, S.F. and Bratt Paulston, C. (Eds.). Intercultural Discourse and Communication. Blackwell.

De Vita, G. (2000). Inclusive approaches to effective communication in the multicultural classroom: An international business management context. Active Learning in Higher Education. 2001 1/2, 168-180.

De Vita, G. (2001). Learning Styles, Culture and Inclusive Instruction in the Multicultural Classroom: A Business and Management Perspective. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. 38/2, 165-184.

De Vita, G. (2005). Fostering intercultural learning through a multi-cultural classroom. In Carroll J. and Ryan J. (Eds.). Teaching International Students. Routledge.

Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide. Open University.

Dlaska, A. (2000). Integrating Culture and Language Learning in Institution-wide Language Programmes. Language, Culture and Curriculum. 13/3, 247-263.

Dornyei, Z. (2011). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. OUP.

Ellis, G. (2006). How culturally appropriate is the communicative approach? ELT Journal. 50/3, 213-218.

Gudykunst, W.B., Ting-Toomey, S. and Nishida, T. (Eds.). (1996). Communication in Personal Relationships across Cultures. Sage.

Guest, M. (2002). A critical ‘checkbook’ for culture teaching and learning. ELT Journal. 56/2, 154-161.

Hall, E.T. and Hall, M.R. (1990). Understanding Cultural Differences. Intercultural Press.

Harrison, N. and Peacock, N. (2010). Cultural distance, mindfulness and passive xenophobia: using Integrated Threat Theory to explore home higher education students perspectives on internationalisation at home. British Educational Research Journal. 36/6, 877-902.

Hooker, J. (2009). The Cultural Iceberg. Intercultural Effectiveness in Intercultural Communication. In: Samovar L.A., Porter, R.E., and McDaniel, E.R. (Eds.) Wadsworth. 59-64.

Ippolito, K. (2007). Promoting intercultural learning in a multicultural university: ideals and realities. Teaching in Higher Education. 12/5-6, 749-763.

Jeffries-Watts, S. (2014). Look both Ways: Exploration into the Impact of Student Feedback on the Development of the Birmingham Skills Award. In: Jackson, N. & Cooper, B. (ed.). Learning Lives E-Book. www.learninglives.co.uk/e-book

Jiang, W. (2001). Handling ‘culture bumps’. ELT Journal. 55/4:382-390. OUP.

John, T. (2014). A ‘Roller Coaster’ experience? An exploration of postgraduate international students’ perceptions of teaching, learning and assessment, integration with home students and building a campus community. In Miller, W. (Ed.), Internationalisation and the Student Experience (pp. 18-22). Plymouth University.

Kimmel, K. and Volet, S. 2012. University Students’ Perceptions of Attitudes Towards Culturally Diverse Group Work; Does Context Matter? Journal of Studies in International Education. 16/2, 157-181.

Kockina, J. and Blake, D. (2013). Language learning and cultural integration over a cup of coffee. International Student Experience Journal. 1/1, 29-32.

Kramsch, C. (2001). Intercultural Communication Theory Into Practice. In: R. Carter & D. Nunan (Eds.), The Cambridge Guide to Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (pp. 201-250). Cambridge: CUP.

Leask, B. (2009). Using Formal and Informal Curricula to Improve Interactions Between Home and International Students. Journal of Studies in International Education. 13/2, 205-221.

Leask, B. and Carroll, J. (2011). Moving beyond ‘wishing and hoping’: internationalisation and student experiences of inclusion and engagement. Higher Education Research & Development. 30/5, 647-605.

Lowes, R. (2013). Bringing them together: international students and others. International Student Experience Journal. 1/1, 10-15.

McDonough, J. and McDonough S. (1997). Research Methods for English Language Teachers. Arnold.

Montgomery, C. (2009). A Decade of Internationalisation. Has It Influenced Students’ Views of Cross-Cultural Group Work at University? Journal of Studies in International Education, 13/2, 256-270.

Phipps, A. (2007). Learning the Arts of Linguistic Survival. Channel View Publications.

Reed, B., Hutton, J. and Bazalgette, J. (1978). Freedom to Study. Overseas Students Trust.

Ryan R.M. and Deci E.L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.

Ryan, J. and Louie, K. (2007). False Dichotomy? ‘Western’ and ‘Confucian’ concepts of scholarship and learning. Educational Philosophy and Theory. 39/4, 404-417.

Spencer-Oatey, H., Dauber, D. and Williams, S. (2014). Promoting Integration on Campus: Principles, Practice and Issues for Further Exploration. UKCISA. University of Warwick.

Spitzberg, B. (1989). Issues in the Development of a Theory of Interpersonal Competence in the Intercultural Context. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 241-268.

Tseng, Y-H. (2002). A lesson in culture. ELT Journal. 56/1, 11-22.

Turner, Y. (2009). ‘Knowing Me, Knowing You, “Is There Nothing We Can Do?”’: Pedagogical Challenges in Using Group Work to Create an Intercultural Learning Space. Journal of Studies in International Education. 13, 240-255.

Watanabe, S. (1993). Cultural Differences in Framing. In: Tannen, D. (Ed.). Framing in Discourse (pp. 176-208). New York: Oxford University Press.

Westwood, M.J. and Barker, M. (1990). Academic Achievement and Social Adaptation Among International Students: A Comparison Groups Study of the Peer-Pairing Program. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 251-263.

Published
2018/10/04
Section
Original Scientific Paper