Rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu u funkciji biodiverziteta
Ključne reči:
rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu, biodiverzitet, α i β indeksi diverziteta
Sažetak
Efekti intenziviranja savremene poljoprivredne prakse su do sada dobro opisani na nadzemni sastav korova, ali je vrlo malo istražen uticaj na rezerve semena korovskih biljaka u zemljištu. Iz tog razloga, tokom tokom tri godine (2014-2017) uzorkovano je zemljište i procenjena brojnost semena korova u zemljištu osam različitih sistemima biljne proizvodnje: (i) monokultura kukuruza, ozime pšenice i soje, (ii) dvopoljni plodored (kukuruz - ozima pšenica) sa i bez primene mineralnog đubriva, (iii) tropoljni plodored (kukuruz - ozima pšenica - soja) sa primenom mineralnog đubriva, sa primenom stajnjaka i bez primene đubriva. Procenjena rezerva semena u zemljištu poslužila je za izračunavanje α i β indeksa diverziteta i utvrđivanje raznovrsnosti, bogatstva i ujednačenosti korovske zajednice. Indeksi diverziteta potvrdili su da na diverzitet korovske zajednice utiče strategija rotacije useva kao i izbor đubrenja, da je u monokulturi ozime pšenice najmanja raznovrsnost korovske zajednice, najveći broj dominantnih korovskih vrsta i najmanja uniformnost korovske populacije, dok je u klasičnom tropoljnom plodoredu sa mineralnim đubrenjem najbogatiji biodiverzitet i ujednačenost korovske zajednice.
Reference
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German, R.N., Thompson, C.E., Benton, T.G.: Relationships among multiple aspects of agriculture's environmental impact and productivity: a meta‐analysis to guide sustainable agriculture. Biological Reviews, 92(2), 716-738, 2017.
Gardarin, A., Dürr, C., Colbach, N.: Prediction of germination rates of weed species: Relationship between germination speed parameters and species traits. Ecological Modeling, 222(3), 623-636, 2011.
Li, C.D., Xiao, B., Wang, Q., Zheng, R., Wu, J.: Responses of seed bank and vegetation to the increasing intensity of human disturbance in a semi-arid region of northern China. Sustainability, 9, 1837, 2017.
Lemoine, C., Sérusiaux, E., Mahy, G., Piqueray, J.: Agro-environmental scheme for segetal plant conservation in Wallonia (Belgium): An assessment in conventional and organic fields. Biotechnology Agronomy, Society and Environment, 22, 35–44. Storkey, J., Neve, P. (2018): What good is weed diversity? Weed Research, 58, 239–243, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12310
Liebman, M., Dyck, E.: Crop Rotation and Intercroping Strategies for Weed Management. Ecological Applications, 3, 92-122. 1993.
Pleasant, J., Schlather, K.: Incidence of Weed Seed (Bos sp.) Manure and its Importance as a Weed Sourse for Cropland. Weed Technology, 8, 304-310, 1994.
Pyšek, P., Lepš, J.: Response of a weed community to nitrogen fertilization: a multivariate analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2, 237-244, 1991.
Rotchés-Ribalta, R., Armengot, L., Mäder, P., Mayer, J., Xavier Sans, F.: Long-Term Management Affects the Community Composition of Arable Soil Seed banks. Weed Science, 65, 73–82, 2017.
Saulic, M., Oveisi, M., Djalovic, I., Bozic, D., Pishyar, A., Savić, A., Prasad, V.P.V, Vrbničanin, S.: How Do Long Term Crop Rotations Influence Weed Populations: Exploring the Impacts of More than 50 Years of Crop Management in Serbia. Agronomy, 12, 1772, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081772
Shiferaw, W., Demissew, S., Bekele, T.: Ecology of soil seed banks: Implications for conservation and restoration of natural vegetation: A review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 10(10), 380-393, 2018.
Skender, A., Knežević, M., Ðurkić, M., Martinčić, J., Guberac, V., Kristek, A., Stjepanović, M., Bukvić, G., Matotan, Z., Šilješ, I.: Sjemenje i plodovi poljoprivrednih kultura i korova na području Hrvatske. Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Fakultet agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek, 1, 10–21, 1998.
Spellerberg, I.F., Fedor, P.J.: A Tribute to Claude Shannon (1916-2001) and a Plea for More Rigorous Use of Species Richness, Species Diversity and the ‘Shan-Non-Wiener’ Index. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12, 177-179, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00015.x
Thompson, K., Bakker, J., Bekker, R.: The soil seed bankds of north west Europe: methodology, density and longevity. Cambridge University Press., Cambridge, 1997, p. 276.
Vrbničanin, S., Malidža, G., Stefanović, L., Elezović, I., Stanković-Kalezić, R., Marisavljević, D., Radovanov-Jovanović, K., Pavlović, D., Gavrić, M.: Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije. I deo: Prostorna distribucija i zastupljenost osam korovskih vrsta na području Srbije. Biljni lekar, XXXVI(5), 303-313, 2008.
Vrbničanin, S., Šinžar, B.: Elementi herbologije sa praktikumom. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd, i Zavet, Beograd, 2003.
Cavers, P.B.: Seed banks: Memory in soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 75(1): 11-13, 1995. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-003
Дoбрoхoтoв, B.Н.: Cеменa сoрных рaстения. Издaтелствo Cельскoхoзяй-ственoй литерaтури, Журнaлoв и плaкaтoв. Мoсквa 1961, 1, 1–460.
Gandía, M.L., Del Monte, J.P., Santín-Montanyá, M.I.: Efficiency of Methodologies Used in the Evaluation of the Weed Seed Bank under Mediterranean Conditions. Agronomy, 12, 138, 2022. https://doi.org/10. 3390/agronomy12010138
German, R.N., Thompson, C.E., Benton, T.G.: Relationships among multiple aspects of agriculture's environmental impact and productivity: a meta‐analysis to guide sustainable agriculture. Biological Reviews, 92(2), 716-738, 2017.
Gardarin, A., Dürr, C., Colbach, N.: Prediction of germination rates of weed species: Relationship between germination speed parameters and species traits. Ecological Modeling, 222(3), 623-636, 2011.
Li, C.D., Xiao, B., Wang, Q., Zheng, R., Wu, J.: Responses of seed bank and vegetation to the increasing intensity of human disturbance in a semi-arid region of northern China. Sustainability, 9, 1837, 2017.
Lemoine, C., Sérusiaux, E., Mahy, G., Piqueray, J.: Agro-environmental scheme for segetal plant conservation in Wallonia (Belgium): An assessment in conventional and organic fields. Biotechnology Agronomy, Society and Environment, 22, 35–44. Storkey, J., Neve, P. (2018): What good is weed diversity? Weed Research, 58, 239–243, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12310
Liebman, M., Dyck, E.: Crop Rotation and Intercroping Strategies for Weed Management. Ecological Applications, 3, 92-122. 1993.
Pleasant, J., Schlather, K.: Incidence of Weed Seed (Bos sp.) Manure and its Importance as a Weed Sourse for Cropland. Weed Technology, 8, 304-310, 1994.
Pyšek, P., Lepš, J.: Response of a weed community to nitrogen fertilization: a multivariate analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2, 237-244, 1991.
Rotchés-Ribalta, R., Armengot, L., Mäder, P., Mayer, J., Xavier Sans, F.: Long-Term Management Affects the Community Composition of Arable Soil Seed banks. Weed Science, 65, 73–82, 2017.
Saulic, M., Oveisi, M., Djalovic, I., Bozic, D., Pishyar, A., Savić, A., Prasad, V.P.V, Vrbničanin, S.: How Do Long Term Crop Rotations Influence Weed Populations: Exploring the Impacts of More than 50 Years of Crop Management in Serbia. Agronomy, 12, 1772, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081772
Shiferaw, W., Demissew, S., Bekele, T.: Ecology of soil seed banks: Implications for conservation and restoration of natural vegetation: A review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 10(10), 380-393, 2018.
Skender, A., Knežević, M., Ðurkić, M., Martinčić, J., Guberac, V., Kristek, A., Stjepanović, M., Bukvić, G., Matotan, Z., Šilješ, I.: Sjemenje i plodovi poljoprivrednih kultura i korova na području Hrvatske. Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku Fakultet agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek, 1, 10–21, 1998.
Spellerberg, I.F., Fedor, P.J.: A Tribute to Claude Shannon (1916-2001) and a Plea for More Rigorous Use of Species Richness, Species Diversity and the ‘Shan-Non-Wiener’ Index. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 12, 177-179, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2003.00015.x
Thompson, K., Bakker, J., Bekker, R.: The soil seed bankds of north west Europe: methodology, density and longevity. Cambridge University Press., Cambridge, 1997, p. 276.
Vrbničanin, S., Malidža, G., Stefanović, L., Elezović, I., Stanković-Kalezić, R., Marisavljević, D., Radovanov-Jovanović, K., Pavlović, D., Gavrić, M.: Distribucija nekih ekonomski štetnih, invazivnih i karantinskih korovskih vrsta na području Srbije. I deo: Prostorna distribucija i zastupljenost osam korovskih vrsta na području Srbije. Biljni lekar, XXXVI(5), 303-313, 2008.
Vrbničanin, S., Šinžar, B.: Elementi herbologije sa praktikumom. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Beograd, i Zavet, Beograd, 2003.
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