Raman specroscopy as appropriate tool for chemical discrimination of wild hemp oil seed samples
Keywords:
unsaturated (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), vibration spectroscopy, PCA
Abstract
Wild hemp (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa var. spontanea Vavilov), as a whole plant, especially its seeds are highly valued, with significant place in the production of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizer, for cooking, animal and bird feed. This work represents an innovative report focused on the evaluation of the phytochemical composition of wild hemp seeds grown in two different locations in Serbia, using Raman microspectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis. Some significant differences were found between the analyzed oil samples in terms of chemical profile. The Raman spectra of the wild hemp seed samples indicate the predominance of unsaturated (1657 and 1268 cm-1), then saturated fatty acids (1443, 1306 and 1084 cm-1) and fatty acid esters (1745 cm-1) due to the higher intensity of the bands. The relative intensities of these bands may indicate that the seed oil of wild hemp from two different locations differs in the content of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, as shown by the differences in the relative intensities of 1657 and 1268 cm−1.
References
Reference List
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24. Zhao, J., Wang, W., Li, Y., Sun, X., Wang, D.: Nutritional and chemical composition of industrial hemp seeds. In Industrial Hemp, Academic Press., 73-93, 2022.
25. Špirović Trifunović, B., Nedeljković, D., Stojićević, D., Božić, D.: Fatty acids in wild hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa var. spontanea Vavilov). Acta herbologica, 30(1), 65-73, 2021.
1. Abdollahi, M., Sefidkon, F., Calagari, M., Mousavi, A., & Mahomoodally, M. F. A.: comparative study of seed yield and oil composition of four cultivars of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown from three regions in northern Iran. Industrial crops and products, 152, 112397, 2020.
2. Agarwal U P, McSweeny JD, Ralph SA.: FT–Raman investigation of milled-wood lignins: softwood, hardwood, and chemically modified black spruce lignins. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 31, 324-344, 2011.
3. Alonso‐Esteban, J. I., González‐Fernández, M. J., Fabrikov, D., Torija‐Isasa, E., Sánchez‐Mata, M. D. C., & Guil‐Guerrero, J. L.: Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties: Fatty acid profiles and upgrading of γ‐linolenic acid–containing hemp seed oils. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 122(7), 1900445, 2020.
4. Alonso-Esteban, J. I., González-Fernández, M. J., Fabrikov, D., de Cortes Sánchez-Mata, M., Torija-Isasa, E., Guil-Guerrero, J. L.: Fatty acids and minor functional compounds of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and other Cannabaceae species. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 115, 104962, 2023.
5. Connell C. R.: Marijuana Botany: An Advanced Study. Ronin Publishing, Inc., Berkeley, California, USA, 1981.
6. De Gelder, J., De Gussem, K., Vandenabeele, P., Moens, L.: Reference database of Raman spectra of biological molecules. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy: An International Journal for Original Work in all Aspects of Raman Spectroscopy, Including Higher Order Processes, and also Brillouin and Rayleigh Scattering, 38(9), 1133-1147, 2007.
7. da Silva, C.E., Vandenabeele P, Edwards H.G., de Oliveira L.F.: NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopic analytical characterization of the fruits, seeds, and phytotherapeutic oils from rosehips. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 392, 1489–1496, 2008.
8. Farber, C., Lee Sanchez, L., Stanislav Rizevsky, S., Ermolenkov, A., McCutchen, B., Cason, J., Simpson, C., Burow, M., Kurouski, D.: Raman spectroscopy enables non-invasive identification of peanut genotypes and value-added traits. Sci. Rep. 10, 7730, 2020
9. Hammer, Ø.; Harper, D.A.; Ryan, P.D.: PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron. 4, 9., 2001.
10. Jamieson, L.E., Li, A., Faulds, K., Graham, D.: Ratiometric analysis using Raman spectroscopy as a powerful predictor of structural properties of fatty acids. R. Soc. Open Sci. 5, 2018.
11. Karacaglar, N. N. Y., Bulat, T., Boyaci, I. H., Topcu, A. Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods for the discrimination of foreign fats and oils in cream and yogurt. Journal of food and drug analysis, 27(1), 101-110, 2019.
12. Koren, A., Sikora, V., Kiprovski, B., Brdar- Jokanović, M., Aćimović, M., Konstantinović, B., Latković, D.: Controversial taxonomy of hemp. Genetika, 52(1), 1-13., 2020.
13. Mandrioli, M., Tura, M., Valli, E., Toschi, T. G.: Composition of cold-pressed hemp seed oils: key elements of quality and authenticity. Riv. Ital. delle Sostanze Grasse, 100, 5-17. (2023).
14. Martini, W. S., Porto, B. L., Oliveira, M. A. D., Sant'Ana, A. C. (2018). Comparative study of the lipid profiles of oils from kernels of peanut, babassu, coconut, castor and grape by GC-FID and Raman spectroscopy. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 29(2), 390-397.
15. Menges, F.: Spectragryph Optical Spectroscopy Software, Version 1.2.14. Available online: http://www.effemm2.de/spectragryph/ (accessed on 27 September 2024).
16. Pang, L., Chen, H., Yin, L., Cheng, J., Jin, J., Zhao, H., ... Lu, X.: Rapid fatty acids detection of vegetable oils by Raman spectroscopy based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling coupled with support vector regression. Food Quality and Safety, 6, fyac053., 2022.
17. Potcoava, M. C., Futia, G. L., Gibson, E. A., Schlaepfer, I. R.: Raman Microscopy Techniques to Study Lipid Droplet Composition in Cancer Cells. In Cancer Biomarkers: Methods and Protocols, 193-209, 2022.
18. Schulz H, Baranska M.: Identification and quantification of valuable plant substances by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 43, 13–25, 2007.
19. Qiu, J., Hou, H. Y., Yang, I. S., Chen, X. B. Raman spectroscopy analysis of free fatty acid in olive oil. Applied Sciences, 9(21), 4510, 2019.
20. Wiercigroch, E., Szafranie, E., Czamara, K., Pacia, M.Z., Majzner, K., Kochan, K., Malek, K.: Raman and infrared spectroscopy of carbohydrates: a review. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 185, 317-335, 2017.
21. Zhao, H., Zhan, Y., Xu, Z., Nduwamungu, J. J., Zhou, Y., Powers, R., Xu, C.: The application of machine-learning and Raman spectroscopy for the rapid detection of edible oils type and adulteration. Food chemistry, 373, 131471, 2022.
22. Zeise I, Heiner Z, Holz S, Joester M, Büttner C, Kneipp J.: Raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of Cucumis sativus. Plants 7, 7, 2018.
23. Vrbničanin, S., Malidža, G., Gavrić, M.: Kriterijumi, metode i rezultati kartiranja alohtonih invazivnih korova na području Srbije. U: Invazivni korovi: invazivni procesi, ekološko-genetički potencijal, unošenje, predviđanje, rizici, širenje, štete i kartiranje (Vrbničanin, S., Ed.). Herbološko društvo Srbije, Beograd, 233-315, 2015.
24. Zhao, J., Wang, W., Li, Y., Sun, X., Wang, D.: Nutritional and chemical composition of industrial hemp seeds. In Industrial Hemp, Academic Press., 73-93, 2022.
25. Špirović Trifunović, B., Nedeljković, D., Stojićević, D., Božić, D.: Fatty acids in wild hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa var. spontanea Vavilov). Acta herbologica, 30(1), 65-73, 2021.
Published
2025/01/02
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