UTICAJ REŽIMA NAVODNJAVANJA NA PRINOS I KOMPONENTE PRINOSA SOJE
Sažetak
U ovom radu se istražuje uticaj različitih režima navodnjavanja orošavanjem na prinos semena soje [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] i njegove komponente u poljskim uslovima u 2006, 2007 i 2008. godini u Zemun Polju (Srem, Srbija). Svake godine istraživana su po četri režima navodnjavanja, i to sa 80–85% (T1), 70–75% (T2), 60–65% (T3) poljskog vodnog kapaciteta i nenavodnjavani prirodni vodni režim (T0). Ogled je izveden po metodi blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja na karbonatnom černozemu. Vodni stres (suša) u toku vegetacionog perioda u nenavodnjavanom tretmanu (T0) smanjio je fiziološku aktivnost biljaka, vegetativni rast i produktivnost soje. Navodnjavanji tretmani značajno (P < 0,01) su uticali na prinos zrna soje i komponente prinosa. Na tretmanu T2 postignut je veći prinos semena nego na tretmani T1 i T3. Iako je tretman T2 dobio oko 37% manje vode za navodnjavanje u poređenju sa T1, prinos soje povećan je u proseku za 11%. Navodnjavani režimi imali su statistički značajno različite uticaje na komponente prinosa kao što su visina biljaka u vreme žetve, broj mahuna i zrna po biljci, masa mahuna sa zrnom po biljci, masa zrna po biljci, masa 1000 zrna i zapreminska masa zrna. Smanjenje prinosa je uglavnom posledica manjeg broja mahuna i zrna po biljci i manja masa 1000 zrna. Tretman T1 imao je najveću visinu biljaka u sve tri eksperimentalne godine. Rezultati su pokazali da je tretman T3 prihvatljiva strategija navodnjavanja za stabilizaciju i povećanje prinosa soje u Sremu i susednim zemljama regiona u uslovima ograničenih vodnih resursa, pod uslovom da ova praksa nije sprečena ekonomskim ograničenjima.
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