THE EFFECTS OF SEED PRIMING, PLANTING DATE AND DENSITY ON SILAGE YIELD OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) IN SUMMER DELAY SOWING

farshid alipour-abookheili; hamid-reza mobasser; morteza siavoshi

farshid alipour-abookheili Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
hamid-reza mobasser Department of Agronomy, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
morteza siavoshi Department of Agricultural Science, Payame Noor University, I. R of Iran.

Keywords: plant density, seed priming, silage corn yield, sowing date,

Abstract

To determine the effects of seed priming, date and density of planting on silage yield of Corn (Ks.c₇₀₄ cultivar) in summer delay planting, an experiment was carried out as split-split plot in randomization complete block design with four replications in 2015 and 2016. Treatments were examined in two planting dates (July 27 and August 13) as main plots, two planting densities (7 and 9 plant per m²) as sub plots and four levels of seed priming (without priming, distilled water, 0.5% KNO₃ and 10% PEG₍₈₀₀₀₎) as sub-sub plots. The results showed that the speed and percentage of seedling emergence at the first year is more than second year. Seed priming with distilled water method decreased the number of day from planting date until 8 and 12 leaves stages. The silage yield decreased (26.69%) by the late planting (13 August), but the speed of seedling emergence increased. The planting density (9 plant/m²) yielded the highest percentage of Lignin, the speed of seedling emergence, plant height and silage yield. The highest ratio of the ear-fresh weight to total silage weight was obtained by late planting date (13 August) and seed priming with PEG method. The maximum value of the silage yield (45566.41 kg/ha) was produced by early planting date (27 July) and more planting density (9 plant/m²). Thus, to increase seedling emergence speed and maximum silage yield, early planting date (27 July), more planting density (9 plant/m²) and seed priming by distilled water method are recommended.

References

Abotalebian, M., F. Sharifzadeh., R. Jahansoz., A. Ahmadi and Naqavi, M. R. (2006). The effect of Osmo-priming on speed, percentage and basic temperature of germination seedling basic index of 6 varieties of wheat seed. Scientific J. 5 (1): 67-82. (In persian).

Ashraf, M. and Rauf, H. (2001). Inducing salt tolerate in maize (Zea Mays L.) Thought seed priming with chloride salts: growth and ion transport at early growth stages. Acta-Physiol. Plant. 23: 407- 414.

Atrashi, M. (1998). Effects of sowing date and plant density on yield and seed physical and chemical propertie of different hybrids corn. Abstracts Proceedings of 5th Iranian Congress of Crop Production and Plant Breeding. 368 pp. (In Persian with English Summary).

Basra, S. M. A., M. Ashraf., N. Iqbal., A. Khaliq and Ahmad, R. (2004). Physiological and biochemical aspects of pre-sowing heat stress on cottonseed. Seed Sci and Technol. 32: 765-774.

Bazi, M. T., N. Nemati., H. Mokhtarpour and. Mosavat, S. A (2005). Effects of tiller removal and plant density on ear yield and forage of sweet corn. Azad Uni. of varamin. (In persian).

Bean, B. and Gerik, T. (2000). Evaluating corn row spacing and plant density in Texas Panhandle, Texas A. and M. University system. Soil and Crop. Sci. 2000-2028.

Curran, B. and Posch, J. (2000). Agronomic management of silage for yield and quality: silage cutting height. Crop in sights. vol: 10(2). Pioneer Hi-bred International .INC.

Darby, H. M. and Lauer, J. G. (2002). Planting date and hybrid influence on corn forage yield and quality. Agronomy J. 94: 281-289.

Dehqanpour, Z. and Vahdat, A. (1996). Examination the effect of planting date and density on silage yield of corn S.C 704 in Mash-had. Agricultural Research J. Seed and seedling providing and breeding Institute. 120: 24-30. (In persian).

Estakhr, A. and Dehqanpour, Z. (2010). Determination of the suitable planting date for new varieties of early maturity of corn at the 2nd cultivation in moderate climate of Fars provience. Seed and Plant. 2 (2). 169-191. (In persian).

Fallah, S. and Tedin, A. (2009). The effect of plant density and Nitrogen amount on yield and Nitrate and Protein uptake of silage corn. Electronic J. of crop plant production. 2(1): 105-121. (In persian).

Farooq, M., S.M.A. Basra, R. Tabassum and Afzal, I. (2006a). enhancing the performance of direct seeded fine rice by seed priming. Plant Prod. Sci. 9: 446- 456.

Fathi, Q. (2005). Examination of the effect of planting pattern and density on light depreciation coefficient, radiate assimilation on grain yield of corn S.C.402. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Special Crop. 131-143. (In persian).

Feyzbakhsh, M., H. Mokhtarpour, S. A. Mosavat., M. Mohajer and Shahi, Q. (2010). The effect of planting date and plant density on yield and some morphological traits of maize cv SC704. Electronic J. of crop plant production. 3(1): 217-224. (In persian).

Genter, C. and Camper, H. (1973). Component plant part development in maize as effected by hybrids and population density. Agron. J. 65: 669-671.

Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (2nd Edn.). John Wiley sons, New York, Chichester, Bribane, Toronto, Singapore.

Harris, D., B. S. Reghuwanshi., J. S. Gangwar and Singh, S. C. (2001). Participatory evalution by farmer sofon-farm seed priming in wheat in India, Nepal and Pakistan. Exp. Agric. 37: 403-415(ISI).

Hassan, A. A. (2000). Effect of plant population density on yield and yield components of eight Egyptian maize hybrids. Bulletin of Fac. Of Agric. Univ. of Cairo. 51(1): 1-16.

Heydar-Qolinezhad Kenari, M., M. Qadimzadeh and Fayazmoghadam, A. (2003). The effect of planting density on herb quality of hybrid varieties of corn according to agronomic properties. Iranian J. of Agricultural Sci. 34 (2): 417-425. (In persian).

Karaki, G. N. (1998). Response of wheat and barley during germination to seed osmo priming at different water potential. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 181(4): 229-235. (Abstract).

Khan, N., M. Qasim., F. Ahmed., R. Khan., A. Khanzada and Khan, B. (2002). Effects of sowing date on yield of maize under Agro climatic condition of Kaghan Valley. Asian Journal of plant Sci: 1(2): 140- 147.

Khodabandeh, N. (2000). Cereals cultivation. Published by Sepehr, Tehran Uni. P. 537. (In persian).

Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Sci. 2: 1: 76-177.

Mokhtarpour, H., S. A. Mosavat., M. T. Feyzbakhsh and Saberi, A. (2008). Effect of sowing date and plant density on ear yield of sweet corn in summer sowing. Electronic Journal. Crop Prod. 1: 101-113.

Moradi, A. and Younesi, O. (2009). Effect of Osmo and hydro-priming on seed parameters of grain sorghum. Aust. J. Basic Applied Sci. 3: 1696-1700.

Murungu, F. S., P. Nyamugafata., C. Chiduza., L. J. Clark and Whalley, W. R. (2003). Effects of seed priming aggregate size and soil matric potential on emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Soil and Till. Res. 74: 161- 168.

Nour mohammadi, Gh., A. Siyadat and Kashani, A. (2001). Cereals Cultivation. 1st Volume. 3rd Edition. Published by Chamran Uni. P. 445. (In persian).

Rafiee, M. and M. Asgharpour, R. (2009). Examination of the effect of planting date and density on the morphological characteristics and yield components of corn S.C 604 in Shirvan. Quarterly of dynamic agricultural. 6 (1): 23-34. (In persian).

Rodrigues, R., L. Silva and Mori, E. (2003). Baby corn single-cross hybrids yield in two plant densities. Crop Breeding. 3: 177-184.

Sadeghi, H. and Bahrani, M. J. (2002). Effects of plant density and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). Iran Journal. Crop Sci. 3: 403-412.

Subedi, K. D. and Ma, B. L. (2005). Seed priming does not improve corn Yield in a humid temperate environment. Agron. J. 97: 211-218.

Viddicombe, W. D. and Thelen, K. D. (2002). Row width and plant density effects on corn grain production in the Northern Corn Belt. Agron. J. 94: 1020-1023.

Wahid, A., A. Noreen., S .M. A. Basra., S. Gelani and Farooq, M. (2008). Priming induced metabolic changes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) achenes improve germination and seedling growth. Botanical Studies. 49: 343-350.

Zamanian, M. and Najafi, A. (2002). Assessment of row spacing and plant density effect on silage yield and morphological characters of corn (S.C.704). Seed. Plant J. Agric Res. 23: 200-214.