ISPITIVANJE POSLEDICA PRISUSTVA URANA U VODI ZA PIĆE IZ INDIVIDUALNIH BUNARA U SELU DUBRAVICA U BRANIČEVSKOM OKRUGU PO ZDRAVLJE STANOVNIŠTVA
Ključne reči:
voda za piće, teški metali, uran, endemska nefropatija
Sažetak
Selo Dubravica se delimično nalazi iznad zapadnog lignitskog ležišta Kostolačkog basena. Ispitivanjem suvog ostatka dobijenog iz vode za piće iz dva individualna bunara rendgenskom difrakcionom analizom, na osnovu karakterističnih pikova, utvrđeno je prisustvo urana u vodi za piće. Indirektnom metodom Rajkovića i saradnika pouzdano je dokazano da je u I uzorku koncentracija urana u vodi za piće 1,86 puta viša a da je u II uzorku koncentracija urana svega 22% niža od MDK vrednosti predviđene Pravilnikom.
Analiza posledica unošenja urana u čovekov organizam ukazala je da se na ovaj način unosi 0,84-2 mg urana u čovekov organizam na godišnjem nivou, odnosno 0,09-0,22 mg deponuje na godišnjem nivou u bubreg.
Procena potencijalnog zdravstvenog rizika usled prisustva urana u vodi za piće ukazala je da je stanovništvo koje koristi vodu za piće iz I bunara i u kratkom vremenskom intervalu ugroženo od urana. Što se tiče dugoročnog rizika, proračun je ukazao da su u slučaju I uzorka vode za piće ugroženo oko 25 a u slučaju II uzorka vode za piće 10 stanovnika od 1000 stanovnika. Kako je glavna meta napada urana u čovekovom organizmu bubreg, a dejstvo lagano i dugotrajno, slabljenje i otkazivanje funkcije bubrega može biti toliko da je čak 75% funkcije bubrega uništeno da bi se pokazali prvi klinički simptomi. Ova pojava se zapaža među stanovništvom duž reka Kolubare, Drine, Save i Morave i naziva se endemska nefropatija. Kao mogući uzročnici ističu se elementi koji se nalaze u tragovima (Pb, Cd, Si), živi agensi (bakterije i virusi), gljivični i biljni toksini, genetski faktori i imuni mehanizam, ali ne i uran u vodi za piće.
Ispitivanja, izvršena u ovom radu jasno ukazuju i na ulogu urana u epidemiji endemske nefropatije koja je u porastu i koja nema akutnu fazu već bolest progredira ka bubrežnoj insuficijenciji i terminalnom stadijumu bolesti bubrega.
Zvanični podaci koji govore o porastu endemske nefropatije i šećerne bolesti i porastu njihovog udela u bolestima, kao i stope opšteg mortaliteta koja iznosi 18,19%, nedvosmisleno ukazuju da uloga urana u životnoj sredini Braničevskog okruga ni na koji način se ne sme zanemarivati. Zbog konfiguracije terena na kojima se nalaze naselja mora se pratiti uran i njegova migracija kroz životnu sredinu, za čije kretanje postoje, nažalost, svi uslovi.
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Lin, K., Lu, S., Wang, J. Yang, Y. (2015). The Arsenic Contamination of Rice in Guangdong Provice, the Most Economically Dynamic Provinces of China: Arsenic Speciation and its Potential Health Risk. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 37, 353-361.
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Mc Diarmid, M.A., Koegh, J.P. and Hooper, F.J. (2000). Health Effects of Depleted Uranium on Exposed Gulf War Veterans. Environmental Research, 82(2), 168-180.
Milačić, S., Petrović, D., Kovačević, R. & Simić, J. (2004). Examination of the Health Status of Populations from Depleted-Uranium-Contaminated Regions. Environmental Research, 95, 2-10.
Miller, A.C., Fuciarelli, A.F. and Jackson, W.E. (1998). Urinary and Serum Mutagenicy Studies with Rats Implanted with Depleted Uranium or Tantalum Pellets. Mutagenesis, 13(6), 643-648.
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Momot, O.and Synzynys, B. (2005). Toxic Aluminum and Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Middle Russia: Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2, 214-218.
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Avaiable at: https: //pozarevac.com/files/sluzbeni_glasnici/SG10_2012.pdf
Official Gazette of the FRY (1999). Ordinance on amendments to the Ordinance on the hygienic quality of drinking water, No. 44 of 25 June 1999, 19-20.
Papić, M., Ćuk, M., Todorović, M., Stojković, J., Hajdin, B., Atanacković, N. et al. (2012). Arsenic and Tap Water of Serbia's South Pannonian Basin and Arsenic Risk Assessment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21, 1783-1790.
Pavlica, T., Božić-Krstić, V., Rakić, R. & Srdić, B. (2010). Nutritional Status of the Fat Tissue Distribution in Health Adults from Some Places in Central Banat. Medical Review, LXIII, 21-26.
Rajković, M.B. (2001). Depleted uranium, War Books, Belgrade.
Rajković, M.B. (2002). Depleted Uranium. Radiological Effects and Chemical Toxicity of Depleted Uranium, ”Depleted Uranium - Depleted uranium,” Chemical Industry Series, No. 2, Association of Chemists and Technologists of Yugoslavia, Belgrade, 23-38.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M. and Perić, L. (2003). Determination of Uranium in Drinking Water and the Consequential Effect on Human Health, Symposium on Ecology and Produce Safe Food in Braničevo, Požarevac, 09 May 2003, Proceedings Works, Section 1: Air Braničevo District, Water, Air, Soil and Pollution Problems, pp. 47-54.
Rajković, M.B. and Đorđević, A. (2006). Options Soil Contamination of Serbia with Depleted Uranium after the NATO Bombing of 1999. In Serbian Soil Contamination with Radionuclides and the Possibility of Its Remediation, (monograph), ”Part 3. Consideration of high Contamination or Residues of High Contamination,” M.D. Stojanović (Ed.), Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Materials (ITNMS), Belgrade, 2006, pp. 167-218.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović, M.D. Lačnjevac, Č.M., Tošković D.V. & Stanojević, D.D. (2008a). Determination of Traces of Radioactive Substances in Drinking Water. Materials Protection, 49(4), 44-54.
Rajkovic M.B., Lacnjevac, C., Ralevic, N., Stojanovic, M., Toskovic, D., Pantelic, G., Ristic, N., & Jovanic, S. (2008b). Identification of Metals (Heavy and Radioactive) in Drinking Water by an Indirect Analysis Method Based on Scale Test. Sensors, 8, 2188-2207.
Rajković, M.B., Stojanović M.D. & Pantelić G.K. (2009). Indirect Method of Determining Elements (Metals and Non-metals) in Drinking Water by Testing of Scale. The Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, p. 294.
Rajković, M.B., Milojković, S., Marjanović, T., Antic, M., Nikšić, M. & Stojanović, M. (2014). Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Drinking Water in Rural Areas in the Municipalities of Požarevac. Food and nutrition, 55(1), 19-24.
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