GROWTH AND YIELD OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L) AS INFLUENCED BY GOAT MANURE AND SUGARCANE MOLASSES WITH HALF DOSAGE OF PHOSPHORUS INORGANIC FERTILIZER
Keywords:
beetroot, goat manure, molasses, radish, yield
Abstract
The pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of goat manure and sugarcane molasses on growth and yield of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments. The treatments included inorganic fertilizer (T1), 10 t/ha goat manure alone (T2) and also 10 t/ha goat manure and 50% triple super phosphate (TSP) with 1-4 t/ha sugarcane molasses (T3-T6). The results showed that plant growth parameters (leaf length, leaf petiole length, leaf width, leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves) were significantly varied among the treatments. And also there was significant difference in diameter of beetroot among the treatments. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in fresh weight of beetroot and total plant among the treatments. Fresh weight of root yield and total yield of beetroot per plant were increased in 10 t/ha goat manure, 2 t/ha sugarcane molasses and 50% TSP (T4) and 10 t/ha goat manure, 3 t/ha sugarcane molasses and 50% TSP (T5) when compared to the control treatment (T1). The Total yield of beetroot per m2 was 1792.62 g in T4 and 1402.68 g in T1. The root yield of beet root was increased in T4 than T5 treatment. This study can be concluded that 10 t/ha goat manure with 2 t/ha sugarcane molasses and 50% TSP could be applied for obtaining high yield of beetroot in sandy regosol.
References
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Cakmak, I. (2005). The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168, 521-530.
doi: 10.1002/jpln.200420485
Chandraju, S., Basavaraju, H. C., & Chidankumar, C. S. (2008). Investigation of impact of Irrigation of distillery on the nutrients of cabbage and mint leaf. Indian Sugar, 39(19), 15-28
Chen, J. H. (2006). The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. In Proceedings of International workshop on sustained management of the soil-rhizosphere system for efficient crop production and fertilizer use. 16-20 October, 2006. Land Development Department Bangkok, Thailand. pp 1-11. Available from http://www.agnet.org/htmlarea_file/library/20110808103954/tb174.pdf
Chen, C.T., Lee C.L., & Yeh D. M. (2018). Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma. HortScience, 53(6), 795-798. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI12947-18
Eghball, B., Ginting, D., & Gilley, J. E. (2004). Residual effects of manure and compost applications on corn production and soil properties. Agronomy Journal, 96(2), 442-447.
Farhat, N., Elkhouni, A., Zorrig, W., Smaoui, A., Abdelly, C., & Rabhi, M. (2016). Effects of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 38, 145. doi:10.1007/s11738-016-2165-z
Hermans, C., Hammond, J. P., White, P. J., & Verbruggen N. (2006). How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation?. Trends Plant Science, 11(12), 610-617. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.10.007
Fromm, J. (2010). Wood formation of trees in relation to potassium and calcium nutrition. Tree Physiology, 30(9), 1140-1147. doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq024
Gholizadeh, A., Amin, M. S. M., Anuar, A. R., & Aimrun, W. (2009) Evaluation of SPAD chlorophyll meter in two different rice stages and its temporal variability. European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(4), 591-598.
Gilliham, M., Dayod, M., Hocking, B. J., Xu, B., Conn, S. J., Kaiser, B. N., & Tyermann, S. D. (2011). Calcium delivery and storage in plant leaves: exploring the link with water flow. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(7), 2233-2250. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err111
Domingues, L. S., Ribeiro, N. D., Andriolo, J. L., Possobom, M. T. D. F. & Zemolin, A. E. M. (2016). Growth, grain yield and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulation in common bean plants as related to calcium nutrition. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 38(2), 207-217. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v38i2.27757
Granjeiro, L. C., Negreiros, M. Z., Souza, B. S., Azevêdo, P. E., Oliveira, S. L., & Medeiros, M. A. (2007). Accumulation and exportation of nutrients in beet crop. Cienc Agrotec, 31, 267-273.
Guo, J., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Yang, J., Zhang, L., Hu, X., Ye, X., Li, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake in wheat are affected by differences in nitrogen levels and forms and potassium supply. Scientific Reports, 9, 1248. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37838-3
Hepler, P. (2005). Calcium: a central regulator of plant growth and development. The Plant Cell, 17(8): 2142-2155. doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.032508
Hynninen, P. H., & Leppakases, T. S. (2002). The functions of chlorophylls in photosynthesis: physiology and maintenance. In: Encyclopedia of Life Support System, 5,1-9. EOLSS: Oxford, UK.
Imthiyas, M. S. M., & Seran, T. H. (2017). Residual effect of goat manure and expertTM fertilizer treated with proceeding crop of radish (Raphanus sativus L.).) on succeeding crop of vegetable cowpea (Vigna uniguiculata L.). Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 1-5.
Jain, R., & Venkatasubramanian, P. (2017). Sugarcane Molasses–A Potential Dietary Supplement in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Journal of dietary supplements, 14(5), 589-598. doi:10.1080/19390211.2016.1269145
Kapadia, G. J., Tokuda H., Konoshima T., & Nishino H. (1996). Chemoprevention of lung and skin cancer by Beta vulgaris (beet) root extract. Cancer Letters, 100(1-2), 211-214. Doi:10.1016/0304-3835(95)04087-0
Leal, R. M., & Prado, R. D. M. (2008). Desordens nutricionais no feijoeiro por deficiência de macronutrientes, boro e zinco. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 3(4), 301-306. Doi: 10.5039/agraria.v3i4a332
Nguyen, H. H., Maneepong, S., & Suraninpong, P. (2017). Effects of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Ratios in Soil on Their Uptake and Fruit Quality of Pummelo. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(12), 110-121. doi:10.5539/jas.v9n12p110
Lin, C.Y., & Yeh, D. M. (2008). Potassium Nutrition Affects Leaf Growth, Anatomy, and Macroelements of Guzmania. HortScience, 43(1), 146–148. 2008.
doi.10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.146
Mohammadi, T.A., & Barimvandi, A. R. (2009). The effects of sugar cane molasses on calcareous soil chemical characteristics. Pajouhesn-Va Sazandegi Winter, 21(4), 47-53. (81 In Agronomy and Horticulture).
Moles, A. T., Warton, D. I., Warman, L., Swenson, N. G., Laffan, S. W., Zanne, A. E., Pitman, A., Hemmings, F.A.. & Leishman, M. R. (2009). Global patterns in plant height. Journal of Ecology, 97(5), 923-932. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01526.x
Murmu, K., Swain, D. K., & Ghosh, B. C. (2013). Comparative assessment of conventional and organic nutrient management on crop growth and yield and soil fertility in tomato-sweet corn production system. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(11), 1617-1626.
Ojeniyi, S. O., & Adegboyega, A. A. (2003). Effect of combined use of urea and goat dung manure on celosia. Nigeria Agriculture Journal, 34, 87-90.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Borhannuddin Bhuyan, M. H. M., Kamrun, N. I. D., Hossain, M. S., Al Mahmud J., Hossen, M. S., Masud A. A. C., Moumita I. D., & Fujita, M. (2018) Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 8, 1-31. doi:10.3390/agronomy8030031
Marschner, H. (2012) Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd ed, Academic Press: London, UK, pp. 178–189.
Raveenthira, V., & Seran, T. H. (2020). Seed yield of Abelmoschus esculentus L. as influenced by the combined use of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(1), 49-52.
Sithamparam, P., & Seran, T. H. (2014). Root and shoot growth of soybean (Glycine max) as influenced by naturally available phosphous nutrition with manure. Journal of Agriculture and Environment 15, 79-88
Römheld, V., & Kirkby, E. A. (2010). Research on potassium in agriculture: needs and prospects. Plant and Soil, 335(1-2), 155-180. doi: 10.1007/s11104-010-0520-1
Shaibur, M. R., Shamim, A. H. M., & Kawai, S. (2008). Growth Response of Hydroponic Rice Seedlings at Elevated Concentrations of Potassium Chloride. Agriculture and Rural Development, 6(1&2), 43-53.
Sabreen, S., & Saiga, S. (2004). Potassium level suitable for screening high magnesium containing grass seedlings under solution culture. Journal of plant nutrition, 27(6), 1015-1027. doi:10.1081/PLN-120037533
Magro, F.O., da Silva, E. G., Takata, W. H. S., Cardoso, A. I. I., Fernandes D.M., & Evangelista, R. M. (2015). Organic compost and potassium top dressing fertilization on production and quality of beetroot. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 9(10), 962-967
Samavat, S., & Samavat, S. (2014). The effects of fulvic acid and sugar cane molasses on yield and qualities of tomato. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 8(3), 266-268.
Serio, F., Elia, A., Santamaria, P., Rodriguez, G.R., Conversa, G., Bianco, V.V. Fernandez, J.A., Martinez, P.F., & Castilla, N. (2001). Lettuce growth, yield and nitrate content as affected by electrical conductivity of nutrient solution. Acta Horticulture 559(2), 563-568.
Shabala, S. (2003). Regulation of potassium transport in leaves: from molecular to tissue level. Annals of Botany, 92(5), 627-634. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcg191
Shabala, S., Babourina, O., & Newman, I. (2000). Ion‐specific mechanisms of osmoregulation in bean mesophyll cells. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(348), 1243-1253. doi.10.1093/jexbot/51.348.1243
Suthamathy, N., & Seran T. H. (2009). Effect of cow manure, coir dust and paddy husk ash on physical and chemical properties of potting media. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Research Session, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, pp 185-190.
Taiz, L., & Zeiger. E. M., (2006). Plant Physiology. fourth edition Sinauer Associates. Inc. Sunderland: 690 pp.
Takara, K., Ushijima, K., Wada, K., Iwasaki, H., & Yamashita, M. (2007). Phenolic compounds from sugarcane molasses possessing antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Journal of Oleo Science, 56(11), 611- 614. doi:10.5650/jos.56.611
Seran, T. H. (2016). Yield and yield components of Arachis hypogaea L. as influenced by NPK chemical fertilizers, farm yard manure and gypsum. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 51(4), 285-290.
Seran, T. H., & Shahardeen, R. N. M. (2012). A note on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds harvested from plants grown in animal manure with effective microorganisms (EM). Sudan Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, 113-118.
de la Rosaa, O., Flores-Gallegosa, A. C., Muñíz-Marquezb D., Nobrec C., Contreras-Esquivela, J. C., & Aguilar, C. N. (2019). Fructooligosaccharides production from agro-wastes as alternative low-cost source. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 91, 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.013
Ullah, M. F., & Khan, M. W. (2008). Food as medicine: Potential therapeutic tendencies of plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9(2), 187-196.
Nahla, T. K., Wisam, S. U., & Tariq, N. M. (2018). Antioxidant Activities of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 17: 500-505.
doi: 10.3923/pjn.2018.500.505
Zhao, D., Reddy, K.R., Kakani, V.G., Read, J. J., & Koti, S. (2005). Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum. European Journal of Agronomy, 22, 391-403. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2004.06.005
Aisha, A. H., Rizk, F. A., Shaheen, A. M., & Abdel-Mouty, M. M. (2007). Onion plant growth, bulbs yield and its physical and chemical properties as affected by organic and natural fertilization. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3(5), 380-388.
Baghour, M., Sánchez, E., Ruiz, J. M., & Romero, L. (2001). Metabolism and efficiency of phosphorus utilization during senescence in pepper plants: Response to nitrogenous and potassium fertilization. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 24(11), 1731-1743. doi:10.1081/PLN-100107309
Cakmak, I., & Kirkby, E.A. (2008). Role of magnesium in carbon partitioning and alleviating photooxidative damage. Physiologia Plantarum, 133, 692-704.
doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.01042.x
Cakmak, I. (2005). The role of potassium in alleviating detrimental effects of abiotic stresses in plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 168, 521-530.
doi: 10.1002/jpln.200420485
Chandraju, S., Basavaraju, H. C., & Chidankumar, C. S. (2008). Investigation of impact of Irrigation of distillery on the nutrients of cabbage and mint leaf. Indian Sugar, 39(19), 15-28
Chen, J. H. (2006). The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. In Proceedings of International workshop on sustained management of the soil-rhizosphere system for efficient crop production and fertilizer use. 16-20 October, 2006. Land Development Department Bangkok, Thailand. pp 1-11. Available from http://www.agnet.org/htmlarea_file/library/20110808103954/tb174.pdf
Chen, C.T., Lee C.L., & Yeh D. M. (2018). Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma. HortScience, 53(6), 795-798. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI12947-18
Eghball, B., Ginting, D., & Gilley, J. E. (2004). Residual effects of manure and compost applications on corn production and soil properties. Agronomy Journal, 96(2), 442-447.
Farhat, N., Elkhouni, A., Zorrig, W., Smaoui, A., Abdelly, C., & Rabhi, M. (2016). Effects of magnesium deficiency on photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning. Acta physiologiae plantarum, 38, 145. doi:10.1007/s11738-016-2165-z
Hermans, C., Hammond, J. P., White, P. J., & Verbruggen N. (2006). How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation?. Trends Plant Science, 11(12), 610-617. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.10.007
Fromm, J. (2010). Wood formation of trees in relation to potassium and calcium nutrition. Tree Physiology, 30(9), 1140-1147. doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq024
Gholizadeh, A., Amin, M. S. M., Anuar, A. R., & Aimrun, W. (2009) Evaluation of SPAD chlorophyll meter in two different rice stages and its temporal variability. European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(4), 591-598.
Gilliham, M., Dayod, M., Hocking, B. J., Xu, B., Conn, S. J., Kaiser, B. N., & Tyermann, S. D. (2011). Calcium delivery and storage in plant leaves: exploring the link with water flow. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(7), 2233-2250. doi: 10.1093/jxb/err111
Domingues, L. S., Ribeiro, N. D., Andriolo, J. L., Possobom, M. T. D. F. & Zemolin, A. E. M. (2016). Growth, grain yield and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulation in common bean plants as related to calcium nutrition. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 38(2), 207-217. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v38i2.27757
Granjeiro, L. C., Negreiros, M. Z., Souza, B. S., Azevêdo, P. E., Oliveira, S. L., & Medeiros, M. A. (2007). Accumulation and exportation of nutrients in beet crop. Cienc Agrotec, 31, 267-273.
Guo, J., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, L., Yang, J., Zhang, L., Hu, X., Ye, X., Li, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake in wheat are affected by differences in nitrogen levels and forms and potassium supply. Scientific Reports, 9, 1248. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37838-3
Hepler, P. (2005). Calcium: a central regulator of plant growth and development. The Plant Cell, 17(8): 2142-2155. doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.032508
Hynninen, P. H., & Leppakases, T. S. (2002). The functions of chlorophylls in photosynthesis: physiology and maintenance. In: Encyclopedia of Life Support System, 5,1-9. EOLSS: Oxford, UK.
Imthiyas, M. S. M., & Seran, T. H. (2017). Residual effect of goat manure and expertTM fertilizer treated with proceeding crop of radish (Raphanus sativus L.).) on succeeding crop of vegetable cowpea (Vigna uniguiculata L.). Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 1-5.
Jain, R., & Venkatasubramanian, P. (2017). Sugarcane Molasses–A Potential Dietary Supplement in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia. Journal of dietary supplements, 14(5), 589-598. doi:10.1080/19390211.2016.1269145
Kapadia, G. J., Tokuda H., Konoshima T., & Nishino H. (1996). Chemoprevention of lung and skin cancer by Beta vulgaris (beet) root extract. Cancer Letters, 100(1-2), 211-214. Doi:10.1016/0304-3835(95)04087-0
Leal, R. M., & Prado, R. D. M. (2008). Desordens nutricionais no feijoeiro por deficiência de macronutrientes, boro e zinco. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 3(4), 301-306. Doi: 10.5039/agraria.v3i4a332
Nguyen, H. H., Maneepong, S., & Suraninpong, P. (2017). Effects of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Ratios in Soil on Their Uptake and Fruit Quality of Pummelo. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(12), 110-121. doi:10.5539/jas.v9n12p110
Lin, C.Y., & Yeh, D. M. (2008). Potassium Nutrition Affects Leaf Growth, Anatomy, and Macroelements of Guzmania. HortScience, 43(1), 146–148. 2008.
doi.10.21273/HORTSCI.43.1.146
Mohammadi, T.A., & Barimvandi, A. R. (2009). The effects of sugar cane molasses on calcareous soil chemical characteristics. Pajouhesn-Va Sazandegi Winter, 21(4), 47-53. (81 In Agronomy and Horticulture).
Moles, A. T., Warton, D. I., Warman, L., Swenson, N. G., Laffan, S. W., Zanne, A. E., Pitman, A., Hemmings, F.A.. & Leishman, M. R. (2009). Global patterns in plant height. Journal of Ecology, 97(5), 923-932. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01526.x
Murmu, K., Swain, D. K., & Ghosh, B. C. (2013). Comparative assessment of conventional and organic nutrient management on crop growth and yield and soil fertility in tomato-sweet corn production system. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7(11), 1617-1626.
Ojeniyi, S. O., & Adegboyega, A. A. (2003). Effect of combined use of urea and goat dung manure on celosia. Nigeria Agriculture Journal, 34, 87-90.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Borhannuddin Bhuyan, M. H. M., Kamrun, N. I. D., Hossain, M. S., Al Mahmud J., Hossen, M. S., Masud A. A. C., Moumita I. D., & Fujita, M. (2018) Potassium: A Vital Regulator of Plant Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. Agronomy 8, 1-31. doi:10.3390/agronomy8030031
Marschner, H. (2012) Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 3rd ed, Academic Press: London, UK, pp. 178–189.
Raveenthira, V., & Seran, T. H. (2020). Seed yield of Abelmoschus esculentus L. as influenced by the combined use of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(1), 49-52.
Sithamparam, P., & Seran, T. H. (2014). Root and shoot growth of soybean (Glycine max) as influenced by naturally available phosphous nutrition with manure. Journal of Agriculture and Environment 15, 79-88
Römheld, V., & Kirkby, E. A. (2010). Research on potassium in agriculture: needs and prospects. Plant and Soil, 335(1-2), 155-180. doi: 10.1007/s11104-010-0520-1
Shaibur, M. R., Shamim, A. H. M., & Kawai, S. (2008). Growth Response of Hydroponic Rice Seedlings at Elevated Concentrations of Potassium Chloride. Agriculture and Rural Development, 6(1&2), 43-53.
Sabreen, S., & Saiga, S. (2004). Potassium level suitable for screening high magnesium containing grass seedlings under solution culture. Journal of plant nutrition, 27(6), 1015-1027. doi:10.1081/PLN-120037533
Magro, F.O., da Silva, E. G., Takata, W. H. S., Cardoso, A. I. I., Fernandes D.M., & Evangelista, R. M. (2015). Organic compost and potassium top dressing fertilization on production and quality of beetroot. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 9(10), 962-967
Samavat, S., & Samavat, S. (2014). The effects of fulvic acid and sugar cane molasses on yield and qualities of tomato. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 8(3), 266-268.
Serio, F., Elia, A., Santamaria, P., Rodriguez, G.R., Conversa, G., Bianco, V.V. Fernandez, J.A., Martinez, P.F., & Castilla, N. (2001). Lettuce growth, yield and nitrate content as affected by electrical conductivity of nutrient solution. Acta Horticulture 559(2), 563-568.
Shabala, S. (2003). Regulation of potassium transport in leaves: from molecular to tissue level. Annals of Botany, 92(5), 627-634. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcg191
Shabala, S., Babourina, O., & Newman, I. (2000). Ion‐specific mechanisms of osmoregulation in bean mesophyll cells. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(348), 1243-1253. doi.10.1093/jexbot/51.348.1243
Suthamathy, N., & Seran T. H. (2009). Effect of cow manure, coir dust and paddy husk ash on physical and chemical properties of potting media. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Research Session, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, pp 185-190.
Taiz, L., & Zeiger. E. M., (2006). Plant Physiology. fourth edition Sinauer Associates. Inc. Sunderland: 690 pp.
Takara, K., Ushijima, K., Wada, K., Iwasaki, H., & Yamashita, M. (2007). Phenolic compounds from sugarcane molasses possessing antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Journal of Oleo Science, 56(11), 611- 614. doi:10.5650/jos.56.611
Seran, T. H. (2016). Yield and yield components of Arachis hypogaea L. as influenced by NPK chemical fertilizers, farm yard manure and gypsum. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 51(4), 285-290.
Seran, T. H., & Shahardeen, R. N. M. (2012). A note on the performance of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds harvested from plants grown in animal manure with effective microorganisms (EM). Sudan Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, 113-118.
de la Rosaa, O., Flores-Gallegosa, A. C., Muñíz-Marquezb D., Nobrec C., Contreras-Esquivela, J. C., & Aguilar, C. N. (2019). Fructooligosaccharides production from agro-wastes as alternative low-cost source. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 91, 139-146. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.06.013
Ullah, M. F., & Khan, M. W. (2008). Food as medicine: Potential therapeutic tendencies of plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9(2), 187-196.
Nahla, T. K., Wisam, S. U., & Tariq, N. M. (2018). Antioxidant Activities of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Extracts. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 17: 500-505.
doi: 10.3923/pjn.2018.500.505
Zhao, D., Reddy, K.R., Kakani, V.G., Read, J. J., & Koti, S. (2005). Nitrogen deficiency effects on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, and hyperspectral reflectance properties of sorghum. European Journal of Agronomy, 22, 391-403. doi:10.1016/j.eja.2004.06.005
Published
2021/01/16
Section
Original Scientific Paper