ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN GRAIN YIELD, SEED MORPHOMETRIC AND VIGOUR TRAITS OF EARLY MATURING HYBRID MAIZE
Sažetak
Breeding for yield and quality requires an assessment of the seed metrics and vigour traits. This study, therefore, assessed the variability and inter-dependence of grain yield (GY), seed morphometric and vigour in early maturing hybrid maize. Seeds of 75 hybrid maize were evaluated for morphometric and quality in four replicates. A field trial laid out in randomized complete block design with three replicates was also conducted on the hybrids in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were taken on the grain yield, seed dimension and quality parameters and subjected to analysis of variance. Least Significant Difference was used to separate groups of means. Relationships among the GY, seed morphometric and vigour traits were determined using correlation coefficients while principal component (PC) analysis was performed for variability among the hybrids. Significant differences (P<0.001) existed for the GY, seed dimension and vigour traits. Four of the nine highest yielding hybrids had ECT higher than 30.0 µsg-1 cm-1. The GY correlated with SAG (-0.28*), SDT (0.40**), SWD (0.36**), SLG (0.35**), SAR (0.30**) and SVI (0.30**) while SAG significantly correlated with SDT, SLG, STH and SAR. The seed vigour correlated with one another. The PC I explained GY, SDT, SWD, SLG, SAR and SVI indicating the importance of the traits in grain yield improvement. Seed angle, length and diameter were versatile in maize varietal selection. Identified high yielding with seed morphometric and vigor qualities can be explored by seed companies as innovation in the seed production business.
Reference
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ISTA. (1995). Handbook of vigour test methods. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich. Switzerland. 117. Available from: https://www.seedtest.org/en /productdetail-1-1082-203-45.html [Accessed 10 April 2016].
ISTA. (2009). International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.seedtest.org/en/ productdetail-1-1082-203-45.html [Accessed 12 January 2018].
Kesavan, M., Song, J.T. & Seo, H.S. (2013). Seed size: a priority trait in cereal crops. Physiology Plantae, 147, 113–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01664.x.
Ogunniyan, D.J., Alake, C.O., Makinde, S.A. & Anjorin, F.A. (2018). Agronomic performance of hybrids of white low-nitrogen maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines under stress and optimum nitrogen environments. Tropical Agriculture, 95(1):18-30.
Ogunniyan, D.J., Olasoji, J.O. & Adetumbi, J.A. (2017). Effects of heterosis on seed vigour of white kernel maize (Zea mays L.). Seed Technology, 38(1): 33-48. Available from: https://stjournal.org/volume-38-no-1-2017/ [Accessed 12 January 2018].
Ogunniyan, D.J. (2016). Assessment of genetic divergence in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genotypes using agro-botanical characteristics and multivariate analysis. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 48(1): 61-71. Available from: http://sabraojournal.org/sabrao-journal-volume-48-issue-1march -2016/.
Peterson, J.M., Perdomo, J.A. & Burris, J.S. (1995). Influence of kernel position, mechanical damage and controlled deterioration on estimates of hybrid maize seed quality. Seed Science and Technology, 23: 647-657. Available from: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=CH9600126.
Powell, A.A. & Matthews, S. (2005). Towards the validation of the controlled deterioration vigour test for small seeded vegetables. Seed Testing International Association (ISTA) News Bulletin, 129:21–24. Available from: https: //www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/STI129April2005.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2016].
Sumathi, S. & Balamurugan, P. (2013). Characterization of oats (Avena sativa L.) cultivars 1using machine vision. Pakistan Journal Biological Science, 16: 1179-1183. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1179.1183.
Tarighi, J., Mahmoudi, A. & Alavi, N. (2011). Some mechanical and physical properties of corn seed (Var. DCC 370). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(16): 3691-3699. doi: 10.5897/AJAR10.521.
Varga, P., Berzy, T., Anda, A. & Ertsey, K. (2012). Relationship between seed harvesting method and seed physiological quality for a number of Pioneer maize hybrids. Maydica, 57: 220-225.
Zhang, Z., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Li, W., Fu, Z., Ding, D., Li, H., Qiaq, M. & Tang, J. (2014). QTL analysis of kernel-related traits in maize using an immortalized F2 population. PLoS One 9,e89645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089645.
Adetumbi, J.A. (2013). Genetic purity of parental inbred lines, commercial hybrids and open pollinated maize (Zea mays L.) seed in Nigeria. PhD thesis at the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Nigeria. (2013) 142p.
AOSA. (1983). Association of Official Seed Analysts. Seed vigour testing handbook. Contribution No. 32. Association of Official Seed Analysts. Lincoln, NE., USA.
Badu-apraku, B., Menkir, A., Ajala, S., Akinwale, R., Oyekunle, M. & Obeng-antwi, K. (2010). Performance of tropical early-maturing maize cultivars in multiple stress environments. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 90:831-852. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps10059.
Badu-apraku, B., Akinwale, R.O., Ajala, S.O., Menkir, A., Fakorede, M.A.B. & Oyekunle, M. (2011). Relationships among traits of tropical early maize cultivars in contrasting environments. Agronomy Journal, 103:717-729. doi:10.2134/agronj2010.0484.
Balkaya, A. & Odabas, M.S. (2002). Determination of the seed characteristic in some significant snap beans varieties grown in Samsum, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 5:382-387. https://scialert.net/archivedetails.php?issn=1028-8880&issueno=67 [Accessed 2 August 2018].
Chen J., Zhang, L., Liu, S., Li, Z., Huang, R., Li, Y., Cheng, H., Li, X., Zhou, B., Wu, S., Chen, W., Wu, J., & Ding, J. (2016). The genetic basis of natural variation in kernel size and related traits using a four-way Cross population in maize. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153428. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153428.
Daniel, I.O., Adeboye, K.A., Oduwaye, O.O. & Porbeni, J. (2012). Digital seed morphometric characterization of tropical maize inbred lines for cultivar discrimination. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, 6:245-251. doi: 10.3923/ijpbg.2012.245.251.
El-abady, M.I. (2015). Influence of maize seed size/shape, planted at different depths and temperatures on seed emergence and seedling vigour. Research Journal of Seed Science, 8: 1-11. doi:10.3923/rjss.2015.1.11.
FAOSTAT. (2014). Statistical database of the Food and Agriculture. Organization. Available from: http://www.faostat.fao.org. [Accessed 10 April 2016].
Farshadfar, M., Amjadian, M. & Dabiri, S. (2012). The effect of intercropping (corn and soybean) on vigour of seed corn. Annals of Bioloical. Res., 3(8), 3962-3967. Available from: http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html [Accessed 8 January 2019].
Geetha, V.V., Balamurugan, P. & Bhaskaran, M. (2011). Characterization of mustard genotypes through image analysis. Research Journal of Seed Science, 4:192-198. doi: 10.3923/rjss.2011.192.198.
Goggi, A.S., Petrutza, C., Pollak, L., Mcandrews, G., Devries, M. & Montgomery, K. (2008). Seed quality assurance in maize breeding programs: tests to explain variations in maize populations. Agronomy Journal, 100: 337–343. doi:10.2134/agronj2007.
Grillo, O., Miceli, C. & Venora, G. (2011). Computerized image analysis applied to inspection of vetch seeds for varietal identification. Seed Science and Technology, 39:490-500. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2011.39.2.20.
IAR&T. (2010). Institute of Agricultural Research & Training. Farmers’ Guide Series 1. No. 4: Guide on maize production. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan. 7p.
ISTA. (1995). Handbook of vigour test methods. International Seed Testing Association. Zurich. Switzerland. 117. Available from: https://www.seedtest.org/en /productdetail-1-1082-203-45.html [Accessed 10 April 2016].
ISTA. (2009). International Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland. Available from: https://www.seedtest.org/en/ productdetail-1-1082-203-45.html [Accessed 12 January 2018].
Kesavan, M., Song, J.T. & Seo, H.S. (2013). Seed size: a priority trait in cereal crops. Physiology Plantae, 147, 113–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01664.x.
Ogunniyan, D.J., Alake, C.O., Makinde, S.A. & Anjorin, F.A. (2018). Agronomic performance of hybrids of white low-nitrogen maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines under stress and optimum nitrogen environments. Tropical Agriculture, 95(1):18-30.
Ogunniyan, D.J., Olasoji, J.O. & Adetumbi, J.A. (2017). Effects of heterosis on seed vigour of white kernel maize (Zea mays L.). Seed Technology, 38(1): 33-48. Available from: https://stjournal.org/volume-38-no-1-2017/ [Accessed 12 January 2018].
Ogunniyan, D.J. (2016). Assessment of genetic divergence in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genotypes using agro-botanical characteristics and multivariate analysis. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 48(1): 61-71. Available from: http://sabraojournal.org/sabrao-journal-volume-48-issue-1march -2016/.
Peterson, J.M., Perdomo, J.A. & Burris, J.S. (1995). Influence of kernel position, mechanical damage and controlled deterioration on estimates of hybrid maize seed quality. Seed Science and Technology, 23: 647-657. Available from: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=CH9600126.
Powell, A.A. & Matthews, S. (2005). Towards the validation of the controlled deterioration vigour test for small seeded vegetables. Seed Testing International Association (ISTA) News Bulletin, 129:21–24. Available from: https: //www.seedtest.org/upload/cms/user/STI129April2005.pdf [Accessed 10 April 2016].
Sumathi, S. & Balamurugan, P. (2013). Characterization of oats (Avena sativa L.) cultivars 1using machine vision. Pakistan Journal Biological Science, 16: 1179-1183. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1179.1183.
Tarighi, J., Mahmoudi, A. & Alavi, N. (2011). Some mechanical and physical properties of corn seed (Var. DCC 370). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(16): 3691-3699. doi: 10.5897/AJAR10.521.
Varga, P., Berzy, T., Anda, A. & Ertsey, K. (2012). Relationship between seed harvesting method and seed physiological quality for a number of Pioneer maize hybrids. Maydica, 57: 220-225.
Zhang, Z., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Li, W., Fu, Z., Ding, D., Li, H., Qiaq, M. & Tang, J. (2014). QTL analysis of kernel-related traits in maize using an immortalized F2 population. PLoS One 9,e89645. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089645.
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2021/07/03
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