The Увид у традиционалне и иновативне технологије сазревања: Утицај на квалитет и склоности потрошача према сазреваним алкохолним пићима

Увид у традиционалне и иновативне технологије сазревања

  • Jelena Krstić Economics Institute, Kralja Milana 14, Belgrade;
  • Milica Kostić-Stanković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, Jove Ilića 154, Belgrade
  • Sonja Veljović Institut za opštu i fizičku hemiju
Ključne reči: методе старења, бачва, коњак, виски, одлежане ракије, сензорни атрибути, преференције потрошача, перцептивни квалитет, сензорни маркетинг

Sažetak


Сазревање дестилата је један од најважнијих процеса производње висококвалитетних алкохолних пића, укључујући виски, ракију и коњак. Контакт дрва и дестилата је пресудан корак за миграцију хемијских једињења која евоцирају нова сензорна својства коначних производа. Нови укус је угодан за врло широку групу потрошача и зависи од културних преференција. Да би се демистификовала главна хемијска једињења, која доприносе ароми, њихово повезивање са сензорним профилом алкохолних пића, која су старила у бурадима је пресудан корак за убрзање врло дуготрајног процеса, без смањења квалитета. На обрасце конзумирања алкохолних алкохолних пића утицали су промењене склоности потрошача и повећана доступност различитих врста алкохолних пића на тржишту. Избор потрошача за једну врсту алкохолних алкохолних пића у односу на друге значајно је обликован спољашњим атрибутима и факторима заснованим на потрошачима, али избор између различитих доступних опција једне врсте алкохолних пића може се заснивати на перцепцији потрошача о његовим специфичним сензорним атрибутима. Према томе, комбинација укуса, ароме, боје и других сензорних атрибута алкохолних пића може да перципита квалитет алкохола за потрошаче и утиче на потенцијал његовог тржишног успеха уопште

Reference

Anetoh, J.C., Nnabuko J.O., Okolo V.O., & Anetoh, V.C. (2020). Sensory attributes of malt drinks and consumer purchase decisions. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 26(5), 317-343.

Awad, P., Athès, V., Decloux, M. E., Ferrari, G., Snakkers, G., Raguenaud, P., & Giampaoli, P. (2017). Evolution of volatile compounds during the distillation of cognac spirit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(35), 7736 ̶ 7748.

Babor, T. F. (2009). Alcohol research and the alcoholic beverage industry: Issues, concerns and conflicts of interest. Addiction, 104(1), 34 ̶ 47.

Bachmanov, A.A., Kiefer, S.W., Molina, J.C., Tordoff, M.G., Duffy, V.B., Bartoshuk, L.M., & Mennella, J.A. (2003). Chemosensory factors influencing alcohol perception, preferences, and consumption. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(2), 220–231.

Barahona, I., Mauricio, E., Jaimes, S., & Yang, J‐B. (2020). Sensory attributes of coffee beverages and their relation to price and package information: A case study of Colombian customers’ preferences. Food Science and Nutrition, 8(2), 1173 ̶ 1186.

Biswas, D., Grewal, D., & Roggeveen, A. (2010). How the order of sampled experiential products affects choice? Journal of Marketing Research, 47(3), 508–519.

Biswas, D., Szocs, C., & Abell, A. (2019). Extending the boundaries of sensory marketing and examining the sixth sensory system: Effects of vestibular sensations for sitting versus standing postures on food taste perception. Journal of Consumer Research, 46(4), 708–724.

Boothroyd, E.L., Linforth, R.S.T., & Cook, D.J. (2012). Effects of ethanol and long ̶chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(40), 9959–9966.

Buglass, A. J., McKay, M., Lee, C. G. (2011). Distillated spirits. In A. J. Buglass, (Ed.), Handbook of alcoholic beverages, technical, analytical and nutritional aspects (pp. 457 ̶ 626). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Caldeira, I., Anjos, O., Portal, V., Belchior, A.P., & Canas, S. (2010). Sensory and chemical modifications of wine ̶brandy aged with chestnut and oak wood fragments in comparison to wooden barrels. Analytica Chimica Acta, 660, 43–52.

Caldeira, I., Clímaco, M., de Sousa, B., & Belchior, A. (2006). Volatile composition of oak and chestnut woods used in brandy ageing: Modification induced by heat treatment. Journal of Food Engineering, 76, 202 ̶ 211.

Caldeira, I., Mateus A.M., & Belchior, A.P. (2006). Flavour and odour profile modifications during the first five years of Lourinhã brandy maturation on different wooden barrels. Analytica Chimica Acta, 563, 264–273.

Calvo-Porral, C., & Levy-Mangin, J-P. (2019). Situational factors in alcoholic beverage consumption: Examining the influence of the place of consumption. British Food Journal, 121(9), 2086 ̶ 2101.

Canas, S. (2017). Phenolic composition and related properties of aged wine spirits: Influence of cask characteristics. Beverages, 3, 55.

Cangussu, L.B., Rodrigues, C.G., Ribeiro, M.C., Dutra, V.L.M., Amaral, E.F.G., & Fante, C.A. (2020). Projective mapping: Potential tool for sensory evaluation of coffees for industrial application. The Journal Semina Ciencias Agrarias, 41(5), 1557 ̶1565

Cejudo-Bastante, M.J., Dodero, M.C.R., Guerrero, E.D., Mejías, R.C., Marín, R.N., & Barroso, C.G. (2013). Development and optimisation by means of sensory analysis of new beverages based on different fruit juices and sherry wine vinegar. Journal of the Science and Food Agriculture, 93(4), 741 ̶ 748.

Christoph, N., & Bauer-Christoph, C. (2007). Flavour of spirit drinks: Raw materials, fermentation, distillation, and ageing. In R. G. Berger (Ed.), Flavours and fragrances: chemistry, bioprocessing and sustainability (pp. 219 ̶ 239). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Coldea, T. E., Socaciu, C., Mudura, E., Socaci, S. A., Ranga, F., Pop, C. R., Vriesekoop, F., & Pasqualone, A. (2020). Volatile and phenolic profiles of traditional Romanian apple brandy after rapid ageing with different wood chips. Food Chemistry, 320, 126643.

Conner, J., Reid, K., & Frances, J. (2003). Maturation and blending. In I. Russell, G. Stewart & C. Bamforth (Eds.), Whisky, technology, production and marketing (pp. 209 ̶ 240). Boston: Academic Press.

Cravero, M. C., Laureati, M., Spinelli, S., Bonello, F., Monteleone, E., Proserpio, C., Lottero, M. R., Pagliarini, E., & Dinnella, C. (2020). Profiling individual differences in alcoholic beverage preference and consumption: New insights from a large-scale study. Foods, 9(8), 1131.

Dasgupta, A., & Klein, K. (2014). Alcoholic beverages: antioxidant and other health benefits of moderate consumption. In A. Dasgupta & K. Klein (Eds.), Antioxidants in food, vitamins and supplements (pp. 259 ̶ 276). San Diego: Elsevier.

Déléris, I., Saint ̶Eve, A., Guo, Y., Lieben, P., Cypriani, M. -L., Jacquet, N., Brunerie, P., & Souchon, I. (2011). Impact of swallowing on the dynamics of aroma release and perception during the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Chemical Senses, 36, 701–713.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) Title 27. Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms Chapter I. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Department of the Treasury Subchapter A. Alcohol Part 5. Labeling and advertising of distilled spirits Subpart C. Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits Section 5.22. The standards of identity.

EU Commission, Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of The European Parliament and of The Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation and labelling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labelling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008. Official Journal of the European Union, 2019, L 130/1.

Farah, J.S., Araujo, C.B., & Melo, L. (2017). Analysis of yoghurts’, whey ̶based beverages’ and fermented milks’ labels and differences on their sensory profiles and acceptance. International Dairy Journal, 68, 17 ̶ 22.

Ferrari, G., Lablanquie, O., Cantagrel, R., Ledauphin, J., Payot, T., Fournier, N., & Guichard, E. (2004). Determination of key odorant compounds in freshly distilled cognac using GC-O, GC-MS, and sensory evaluation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 5670 ̶ 5676.

Fiches, G., Saint‐Eve, A., Jourdren, S., Déléris, I., Brunerie, P., & Souchon, I. (2016). Temporality of perception during the consumption of French grape brandies with different aging times in relation with aroma compound release. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 31(1), 31 ̶ 40.

Fiches, G., Deleris, I., Saint‐Eve, A., Passot, S., Brunerie, P., & Souchon, I. (2014). Influence of the nonvolatile fraction on the sensory perception of 40% (v/v) ethanol‐containing French grape brandies. Journal of Sensory Studies, 29(1), 56 ̶ 63.

Glenk, K., Hall, C., Liebe, U., & Meyerhoff, J. (2012). Preferences of Scotch malt whisky consumers for changes in pesticide use and origin of barley. Food Policy, 37(6), 719 ̶731.

Granja-Soares, J., Roque, R., Cabrita, M. J., Anjos, O., Belchior, A. P., Caldeira, I., Canas, S. (2020). Effect of innovative technology using staves and micro-oxygenation on the odorant and sensory profile of aged wine spirit. Food Chemistry, 333, 127450.

Halliday, D. J. (2004). Tradition and innovation in the Scotch whisky industry. In J. H. Bryce & G. G. Stewart (Eds.), Distilled spirits: Tradition and innovation (pp. 1 ̶ 12). Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.

Haase, J., & Wiedmann, K‐P. (2018). The sensory perception item set (SPI): An exploratory effort to develop a holistic scale for sensory marketing. Psychology & Marketing, 35(10), 727 ̶ 739.

Heymann, H., & Ebeler, S.E. (2016). Sensory and Instrumental Evaluation of Alcoholic Beverages. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.

Holt, H.E., Francis, I.L., Field, J., Herderich, M.J., & Iland, P.G. (2008). Relationships between wine phenolic composition and wine sensory properties for Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.). Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 14(3), 162 ̶ 176.

Hultén, B. (2015). Sensory marketing: Theoretical and empirical grounds. London: Routledge, 2015.

Ickes, C.M., & Cadwallader, K.R. (2017). Effects of ethanol on flavor perception in alcoholic beverages. Chemosensory Perception, 10, 119–134.

Kellershohn, J. (2018). Alcoholic beverages: Technology and next-generation marketing. In S. Panda, & P. Shetty (Eds.), Innovations in technologies for fermented food and beverage industries (pp. 105-120). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature.

King, E.S., Dunn, R.L., & Heymann, H. (2013). The influence of alcohol on the sensory perception of red wines. Food Quality and Preference, 28(1), 235 ̶ 243.

King, E.S., & Heymann, H. (2014). The effect of reduced alcohol on the sensory profiles and consumer preferences of white wine. Journal of Sensory Studies, 29(1), 33 ̶ 42

Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332 ̶ 351.

Lawless, H.T., & Heymann, H. (2010). Sensory evaluation of food: Principles and practices. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.

Le Floch, A., Jourdes, M., & Teissedre, P.-L. (2015). Polysaccharides and lignin from oak wood used in cooperage: composition, interest, assays: A review. Carbohydrate Research, 417(19), 94 ̶ 102.

Le Berre, E., Atanasova, B., Langlois, D., Etievant, P., & Thomas -Danguin, T. (2007). Impact of ethanol on the perception of wine odorant mixtures. Food Quality and Preference, 18, 901-908.

Lee, K.‐Y. M., Paterson, A., Piggott, J. R., & Richardson, G. D. (2000). Perception of whisky flavour reference compounds by Scottish distillers. Journal of The Institute of Brewing, 106(4), 203 ̶ 208.

Lee, K. -Y. M., Paterson, A., & Piggott, J.R. (2001). Origins of flavour in whiskies and a revised flavour wheel: A review. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 107(5), 287 ̶ 313.

Louw, L., & Lambrechts, M.G. (2012). Grape-based brandies: Production, sensory properties and sensory evaluation. In J. Piggot (Ed.), Alcoholic beverages: sensory evaluation and consumer research (pp. 292-294). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

Lurton, L., & Ferrari, G., & Snakkers, G. (2012). Cognac: production and aromatic characteristics. In J. Piggott, (Ed.), Alcoholic beverages sensory evaluation and consumer research (pp. 242 ̶ 266). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.

Maharjan, R. (2019). A conceptual discourse on consumer’s preference of brandy. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 1(2), 296 ̶ 307.

Marchal, A., Génin, E., Waffo-Téguo, P., Bibès, A., Da Costa, G., Mérillon, J.-M., & Dubourdieu, D. (2015). Development of an analytical methodology using Fourier transform mass spectrometry to discover new structural analogs of wine natural sweeteners. Analytica Chimica Acta, 853, 425 ̶ 434.

Marchal, A., Waffo-Téguo, P., Génin, E., Mérillon, J.-M., & Dubourdieu, D. (2011). Identification of new natural sweet compounds in wine using centrifugal partition chromatography-gustatometry and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 83, 9629 ̶ 9637.

Monteiro, M. J.P., Costa, I.A.A., Fliedel, G., Cissé, M., Bechoff, A., Pallet, D., Tomlins, K., & Pintado, M.E.M. (2017). Chemical-sensory properties and consumer preference of hibiscus beverages produced by improved industrial processes. Food Chemistry, 225, 202-212.

Mosedale, J. R. & Puech, J. L. (1998). Wood maturation of distilled beverages. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 9, 95 ̶ 101.

Mosedale, J. R., & Puech, J. L. (2003). Barrels |Wines, spirits, and other beverages. In B. Caballero (Ed.), Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition (pp. 393 ̶ 403). 2nd Ed. London: Academic Press.

Official Journal of the French Republic (2018) Product specification for the Cognac or Eau-de-vie de Cognac or Eau-de-vie des Charentes controlled appellation of origin, officially recognised by French decree No. 2015-10 dated 7 January 2015, amended by the Order of 8 November 2018.

Qian, M. C., Hughes, P., & Cadwallader, K. (2019). Overview of distilled spirits. In B. Guthrie, J. D. Beauchampm, A. Buettner, S. Toth & M. C. Qian (Eds.), Sex, smoke, and spirits: The role of chemistry (pp. 125 ̶ 144). ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 1321. Washington: American Chemical Society.

Pecić, S., Veljović, M., Despotović, S., Tešević, V., Nikićević, N., & Nikšić, M. (2011). The sensory properties of special brandy with G. lucidum, 7th International Congress of Food Technologists and Biotechnologists, 20-23. September, Opatija, Croatia. Proceeding of 7th International Congress of food technologists and biotechnologists, 83-86, ISBN 978-953-99725-4-5.

Pecić, S., Veljović, M., Despotović, S., Leskošek-Čukalović, I., Jadranin, M., Tešević, V., Nikšić, M., Nikićević, N. (2012a). Effect of maturation conditions on sensory and antioxidant properties of old Serbian plum. European Food Research and Technology, 235(3), 479-487.

Pecić, S., Veljović, M., Despotović, S., Leskošek-Čukalović, I., Nikšić, M., Vukosavljevic, P., & Nikicevic, N. (2012b). Antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of special herb brandy, 6th Central European Congress on Food, 23-26. May, Novi Sad, Serbia. Proceedings of 6th Central European Congress on Food, 1371-1375.

Pecic, S., Nikićević, N., Veljović, M., Jadranin, M., Tešević, V., Belović M., & Nikšić M. (2016). The influence of extraction parameters on physicochemical properties of special grain brandies with Ganoderma lucidum. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 22(2), 181-189.

Pierguidi, L., Spinelli, S., Dinnella, C., Prescot, J., & Monteleone, E. (2020). Sensory acceptability and personality traits both determine which contexts are preferred for consumption of alcoholic cocktails. Food Quality and Preference, 85, 103978.

Pierguidi, L., Spinelli, S., Dinnella, C., Prescot, J., & Monteleone, E. (2019). Individual differences in perceived complexity are associated with different affective responses to alcoholic cocktails. Food Quality and Preference, 47–59.

Piggott, J.R., Sheen, M.R., & Apostolidou, S.G. (1990). Consumers' perceptions of whiskies and other alcoholic beverages. Food Quality and Preference, 2, 177 ̶185.

Piggott, J.R., & Macleod, S. (2010). Sensory quality control of distilled beverages. In D. Kilcast (Ed.), Sensory analysis for food and beverage quality control: A Practical guide (pp. 262-275). Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

Podstawski, R., Wesołowska, E., Choszcz, D., Markowski, P., & Klimczak, J. (2019). Drinking behaviours and alcohol preferences of female and male students at a Polish university in 2000-2016. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 26(3), 280 ̶ 286.

Poisson, L., & Schieberle, P. (2008). Characterization of the key aroma compounds in an American bourbon whisky by quantitative measurements, aroma recombination, and omission studies. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 5820–5826.

Power, A. C., Néill, C. N., Geoghegan, S., Currivan, S., Deasy, M., & Cozzolino, D. (2020). A brief history of whisky adulteration and the role of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics in the detection of modern whisky fraud. Beverages, 6, 2020, 49.

Ramsey, I., Ross, C., Ford, R., Fisk, I., Yang, Q., Gomez ̶Lopez, J., & Hort, J. (2018). Using a combined temporal approach to evaluate the influence of ethanol concentration on liking and sensory attributes of Lager beer. Food Quality and Preference, 68, 292 ̶ 303.

Raz, C., Piper, D., Haller, R., Nicod, H., Dusart, N., Giboreau, A. (2008). From sensory marketing to sensory design: How to drive formulation using consumers’ input? Food Quality and Preference, 19(8), 719 ̶ 726.

Redondo, N., Gómez ̶Martínez, S., & Marcos, A. (2014). Sensory attributes of soft drinks and their influence on consumers' preferences. Food & Funcution, 5, 1686 ̶ 1694.

Roullier-Gall, C., Signoret, J., Coelho, C., Hemmler, D., Kajdana, M., Lucioc, M., Schäferd, B., Gougeona, R. D., Schmitt-Kopplin, P. (2020). Influence of regionality and maturation time on the chemical fingerprint of whisky. Food Chemistry, 323, 126748.

Rozin, P., & Hormes, J.M. (2010). Psychology and sensory marketing, with a focus on food. In: A. Krishna, (Ed.), Sensory marketing: Research on the sensuality of products (pp. 303-321). Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

Samant, S.S., Chapko, M., & Seo, H -S. (2017). Predicting consumer liking and preference based on emotional responses and sensory perception: A study with basic taste solutions. Food Research International, 100(1), 325 ̶ 334.

Schwarz, M., Rodríguez-Dodero, M. C., Jurado, M. S., Puertas, B., Barroso, C. G., & Guillén, D.A. (2020). Analytical characterization and sensory analysis of distillates of different varieties of grapes aged by an accelerated method. Foods, 9, 277.

Śliwińska, M., Wisniewska, P., Dymerski, T., Wardencki, W., & Namiesnik, J. (2015). The flavor of fruit spirits and fruit liqueurs: A review. Flavorour and Fragrance Journal, 30, 197 ̶ 207.

Smailagić, A., Veljović, S., Gašić, U., Dabić Zagorac, D., Stanković, M., Radotić, K., & Natić, M. (2019). Phenolic profile, chromatic parameters and fluorescence of different woods used in Balkan cooperage. Industrial Crops and Products, 132, 156 ̶ 167.

Smailagić, A, Stanković, D.M., Vranješ Đurić, S., Veljović, S., Dabić Zagorac, D., Manojlović, D., & Natić, M. (2021). Influence of extraction time, solvent and wood specie on experimentally aged spirits - A simple tool to differentiate wood species used in cooperage. Food Chemistry, 346, 128896.

Smailagić, A., Ristivojević, P., Dimkić, I., Pavlović, T., Dabić Zagorac, D., Veljović, S., Fotirić Aksić, M. Meland, M., & Natić, M. (2020). Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties of Polyphenol Rich Waste Wood Extracts. Foods, 9, 319.

Song, L., Wei, Y., Bergiel, B. J. (2018). Cognac consumption: A comparative study on American and Chinese consumers. Wine Economics and Policy, 7(1), 24 ̶ 34.

Spence, S., & Wan, X. (2015). Beverage perception and consumption: The influence of the container on the perception of the contents. Food Quality and Preference 39, 131-140.

Spinelli, S., & Jaeger, S.R. (2019). What do we know about the sensory drivers of emotions in foods and beverages? Current Opinion in Food Science, 27, 82–89.

Statista (2020). Alcoholic beverages. Retrieved December 10, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/markets/415/topic/464/ alcoholic-beverages/

Tsakiris, A., Kallithraka, S., & Kourkoutas, Y. (2014). Grape brandy production, composition and sensory evaluation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 94(3), 404 ̶ 414.

Tešević, V., Nikićević, N., Jovanovic, A., Djokovic, D., Vujisic, Lj.. Vučković, I., & Bonić, M. (2005). Volatile components from old plum brandies. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 43, 367 ̶ 372.

TradeMap. (2020). Retrieved December 15, 2020, from https://www.trademap.org/ AdvancedProduct Search.

Veljović S. (2016). Mogućnost korišćenja gljiva i lekovitog bilja u proizvodnji jakih alkoholnih pica. Ekonomski institute, Beograd.

Veljović, S., Veljović, M., Despotović, S., Ivković, B., Leskošek-Čukalović, I., Nikšić, M., & Nikićević, N. (2014) Uticaj plodonosnog tela gljive Ganoderma lucidum na antioksidativni kapacitet lozovih rakija. Hrana i ishrana, 55, 2., 43-47.

Veljović, S., Nikićević N., & Nikšić M. (2019b). Medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum as raw material for alcohol beverage production. In A.H. Grumezescu & A.M. Holban, (Eds.), Alcoholic Beverages, Volume 7: The Science of Beverages (pp. 161-197) Cambridge, MA, United States: Woodhead Publishing.

Veljović, S., Tomić, N., Belović, M., Nikićević, N., Vukosavljević, P., Nikšić, M., & Tešević, V. (2019a). Volatile composition, colour, and sensory quality of spirit-based beverages enriched with medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum and herbal extract. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 57 (3), 408-417.

Viriot, C., Scalbert, A., Lapierre, C., & Moutounets, M. (1993). Ellagitannins and lignins in aging of spirits in oak barrels? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41, 1872 ̶ 1879.

Wang, Q. J., Mielby, L. A., Junge, J. Y., Bertelsen, A. S., Kidmose, U., Spence, C., Byrne, D. V. (2019). The role of intrinsic and extrinsic sensory factors in sweetness perception of food and beverages: A review. Foods, 8(6), 211.

Wang, Q.J., Mielby, L.A., Thybo, A.K., Bertelsen, A.S., Kidmose, U., Spence, C., & Byrne, D.V. (2019). Sweeter together? Assessing the combined influence of product‐related and contextual factors on perceived sweetness of fruit beverages. Journal of Sensory Study, 34(3), e12492.

Winstel, D., & Marchal, A. (2019). Lignans in spirits: chemical diversity, quantification, and sensory impact of (±)-Lyoniresinol. Molecules, 24, 117.

Wiśniewska, P., Śilwińska, M., Dymerski, T., Wardencki, W., & Namieśnik, J. (2016). The analysis of raw spirits – a review of methodology. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 122, 5 ̶ 10.

Zhang, B., Cai, J., Duan, C.-Q., Reeves, M. J., & He, F. (2015). A review of polyphenolics in oak woods. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16, 6978 ̶ 7014.

Zasimova, L., & Kolosnitsyna, M. (2020). Exploring the relationship between drinking preferences and recorded and unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russian regions in 2010–2016. International Journal of Drug Policy, 82, 102810.

Objavljeno
2021/10/12
Rubrika
Pregledni članak