BIOGENOST RIZOSFERNOG SLOJA ZEMLJIŠTA RAZLIČITIH GENOTIPOVA PŠENICE POD UTICAJEM TRETMANA ĐUBRENJA
Sažetak
U radu je ispitivana biogenost zemljišta sa aspekta brojnosti različitih fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama u rizosfernoj zoni četiri podvrste, odnosno sorte pšenice, na tri tretmana đubrenja u sistemu organske proizvodnje. Poljski ogled je realizovan po metodi potpuno slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja, na zemljištu tipa izluženi černozem, u periodu 2009 – 2012 godine. Uočena je značajna varijabilnost brojnosti proučavanih fizioloških grupa mikroorganizama između podvrsta, odnosno sorti pšenice, kao i tretmana đubrenja. U rizosfernom sloju zemljišta obične pšenice pronađen je najveći broj mikoriznih gljiva (24.37 x 103 g-1). Zemljište uzorkovano u zoni rizosfere kompaktum pšenice odlikovalo se najvećim brojem oligonitrofilnih bakterija (361.47 x 105 g-1) i amonifikatora (119.27 x 105 g-1). Nije bilo značajnih razlika u brojnosti aktinomiceta između sorti obične, kompaktum i tvrde pšenice, ali je njihov najmanji broj utvrđen kod sorte krupnika (11.25 x 103 g-1). Na tretmanu kombinovane primene biofertilizatora i organskog đubriva, utvrđen je značajno veći broj gljiva (28.2%), amonifikatora (56.6%) i oligonitrofnih bakterija (14.6%) u poređenju sa kontrolom, dok je značajan uticaj biofertilizatora konstatovan samo kod amonifikatora (39.2%). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se odabirom adekvatnog sortimenta useva, uz primenu odgovarajućih formulacija đubriva može uticati na specifičnosti mikrobne zajednice koja je veoma značajan činilac plodnosti zemljišta, naročito u uslovima organske proizvodnje koja se u potpunosti oslanja na prirodne resurse i procese.
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