KOMPARATIVNA OCJENA PRODUKTIVNOSTI SORTI OZIMIH USEVA U USLOVIMA ZAPADNOG ŠUMSKO-STEPA UKRAINE
Sažetak
Cilj rada bio je da se opštim naučnim metodama utvrde parametri adaptabilnosti i produktivnosti ozimih useva: sorti meke pšenice, raži i tritikalea različitih izvora za uzgoj u Zapadnoj šumskoj stepi za tri godine (2019-2021): radna hipoteza - identificirati područja istraživanja, iskustva, zapažanja, analize; posebne: teren, laboratorij, metoda morfološke analize; matematički i statistički - korelacija, varijacija, varijansa. Predmet istraživanja bile su sorte ozimih žitarica koje su upisane u „Državni registar biljnih sorti pogodnih za distribuciju u Ukrajini“ 2014-2015, posebno: meka pšenica: Vodogray bilotserkivsky, Oberig Myronivsky, Mudrist odeska; sjetva raži: Knyazhe, Kobza, Kharkivyanka; tritikale: Markian, Molfar, Obrij myronivsky. Rezultati su pokazali da su pri osnovnoj tehnologiji uzgoja i povoljnim vremenskim uslovima ozime sorte žitarica imale optimalan razvoj u vrijeme prestanka jesenje vegetacije, akumulirale dovoljnu količinu šećera u čvorovima bokanja (26,9–27,1%), što je doprinijelo visokom procentu. prezimljavanja., 6 - meka pšenica, 94,9 - raž, 94,2 - tritikale). Najveću površinu lista u trećem makrostadijumu BBCH 37–39 formirale su sorte: meka pšenica (zima) - Myronivsky amulet (61,5 hiljada m2 ha-1), raž (zimska) - Knyazhe (64,8 hiljada m2 ha-1), tritikale (zimi) - Molfar (70,2 hiljada m2 ha-1). Stepen oštećenja uha uzročnicima septorije i fuzarioznog uvenuća zavisio je od prisustva gena otpornosti različitih sorti i kultura, infektivnog opterećenja gljivičnih populacija u zaraženom području i faktora životne sredine. Kod meke pšenice prosječne sorte su bile 3,3% septorioza i 2,4% fuzarioza klipa; sjetvena raž, odnosno 2,4 i 1,9%, tritikale - 1,9 i 1,8%. Produktivnost zrna sorti meke pšenice varirala je od 4,88 (Mudrist odeska) do 5,39 tona ha-1 (Oberig Myronivsky); raž - od 5,55 (Kharkivyanka) do 6,32 tone ha-1 (Kobza); tritikale - od 6,45 (Markian) do 6,74 tone ha-1 (Obrij myronivsky). Kod stagnacije zrna "u korenu" 12 dana od pune zrelosti zrna, prosečan gubitak mase 1000 zrna kod meke (ozime) pšenice bio je 6,0%, setvene raži (ozime) - 10,5, tritikala (ozime) - 6,6 %. Dobijeni rezultati nam omogućavaju da zaključimo da se uz optimalne parametre adaptabilnosti i produktivnosti proučavanih ozimih žitarica u sortosamin mogu uvrstiti ekološki najprihvatljivije plastične sorte. Ovo će promovirati proizvodnju dovoljno osnovnog sjemena kako bi se osigurale sjetvene površine u regionu i efikasnost sjemenarske industrije.
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