HRANLJIVA VREDNOST ZDRUŽENIH USEVA GRAŠKA I OVSA I GRAHORICE I OVSA
Sažetak
Grašak i grahorica predstavljaju značajne biljne vrste za proizvodnju kabaste stočne hrane, pri čemu se mogu koristiti kao zelena hrana, zatim u vidu sena ili silaže. Zbog svojih specifičnosti (sklonosti ka poleganju i visokog puferskog kapaciteta) najčešće se gaje u smeši sa strnim žitima, kao potpornim usevima, kako bi se na taj način sprečilo ili umanjilo poleganje, smanjio puferski kapacitet, a ujedno dobila biomasa pogodna za proces siliranja. U čistim usevima grašak se kao zelena hrana ili seno najčešće koristi u fazi formiranja prvih mahuna, dok se najbolji kvalitet suve materije kod grahorice postiže njenim iskorišćavanjem u fazi punog cvetanja ili početka obrazovanja prvih mahuna kada se dobija i do 25% sirovih proteina u biomasi čiste kulture. Nivo proteina i drugih hranljivih materija, a pre svega ugljenih hidrata u zavisnosti su od faze razvoja biljnih vrsta u smeši. Zrenjem dolazi do smanjivanja udela lista u biomasi uz istovremeno povećanje udela vlakana (celuloze, hemiceluloze, a naročito lignina), što utiče na smanjenje svarljivosti i iskorišćavanje hraniva. Zbog svega navedenog je od posebne važnosti odabrati pravi momenat kosidbe kako bi se na taj način mogao uskladiti prinos i hranljiva vrednost dobijenih hraniva.
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