EFEKAT PRIMENE ĐUBRIVA NA SADRŽAJ POLIFENOLA U KUKURUZU I ABUTILONU U USLOVIMA KOMPETICIJE
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja tretmana đubrivom na sadržaj polifenola u korovu Abutilon (Abutilon teophrasti - AT) i kukuruzu (Zea mays - ZM), gajenim bez primene herbicida u kontrolisanim uslovima (fotoperiod 12h/12h, T av. 25º/22ºC dan/noć). Deo istraživanja je posvećen ispitivanju akumulaciju teških metala u zemljištu nakon primene đubriva. Biljake su tretirane organskim đubrivom - F1 (15 μl/100 ml vode) i sintetičkim đubrivima - F2 (1,5 ml/100 ml vode) i F3 (1,5 ml/100 ml vode). Ispitan je sadržaj ukupnih fenola, pojedinačnih polifenolnih kiselina i antioksidativna aktivnost biljnih ekstrakata, kao važnih pokazatelja stanja biljke i njene otpornosti na oksidativni stres. Sadržaj ukupnih fenola je određivan spektrofotometrijski prema modifikovanoj metodi Folin-Ciocalteu. Sadržaj pojedinačnih polifenolnih kiselina je određivan metodom tečne hromatografije visokih performansi dok je merenje antioksidativne aktivnosti polifenola je određena DPPH metodom. Ustanovljeno je da kod ZM, primena organskih i sintetičkih đubriva, ni u monokulturi ni u kompeticiji sa biljkama AT, nije uslovila statistički značajne promene sadržaja polifenolnih kiselina. Međutim kod AT, upotreba đubriva (organsko F1, sintetička F2 i F3) uslovila je porast sadržaja polifenolnih kiselina u uslovima kompeticije vs monokultura. Sadržaj hlorogene, p-kumarne i trans-ferulne kiseline bio je statistički značajno veći u biljkama AT kompeticija vs monokultura, a sadržaj hlorogene, p-kumarne i cimetne kiseline manji u biljaka ZM kompeticija vs monokultura. Statistički značajno uvećanje sadržaja ukupnih polifenola i njihove antioksidativne aktivnosti u biljkama AT ukazuje na poteškoće uklanjanja korova iz useva, posebno rezistentnih populacija. Izvedena istraživanja i dobijeni rezultat potvrđuju da korovi (Abutilon teophrasti) u uslovima kompeticije ispoljavaju svoju prirodnu kompetetivnu prednost, koja se dodatno pojačava prihranom useva. Efekat đubriva na korovske biljke treba pažljivo da se razmatra, posebno u uslovima gajenja useva bez primene herbicida.
Reference
Achary, V.M.M., Ram, B., Manna, M., Datta, D., Bhatt, A., Reddy, M.K. & Agrawa, P.K. (2017). Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 15, 1493–1508.
Adom, K.K. & Liu, R.H. (2002). Antioxidant activity of grains. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6182–6187.
Agenbag, G.A. & Villiers, O.T. (2006). The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the germination and seedling emergence of wild oat (A. fatua) seed in different soil types. Weed Research, 29 (4), 239-245.
Amarowicz, R., Cwalina-Ambroziak, B., Janiak, M.A. & Bogucka, B. (2015). Effect of N Fertilization on the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Tubers and Their Antioxidant Capacit. Agronomy, 10.
Balah, M.A. & Nassar, I.M. (2011). Allelopathic constituents from Abutilon theophrasti aerial parts to other. Weeds. Res. J. Agric. & Biol. Sci., 7 (2), 243-250.
Barker, D.C., Knezevic, S.Z., Martin, A.R., Walters, D.T. & Lindquist, J.L. (2006). Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science, 54, 354–363.
Benavides, L.C.L., Pinilla, C.A.L., Serrezuela, R.R. & Serrezuela, W.F.R. (2018). Extraction in Laboratory of Heavy Metals Throught Rhizofiltration using the Plant Zea Mays (maize). International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, 13 (1), 9-26.
Biesiada, A., Nawirska-Olszanska, A., Kucharska, A., Sokół-Łetowska, A. & Kadra, K. (2010). The effect of nitrogen fertilization on nutritive value and antioxidative activity of red cabbage. Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus, 9, 13–21.
Bonifas, D.K., Walters, T.D., Cassman, K.G. & Lindquist, J.L. (2005). Nitrogen supply aff ogen supply affects root:shoot r oot:shoot ratio in corn and v atio in corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Science, 53, 670–675.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E. & Berset, C. (1995). Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft & Technologie, 28, 25-30.
Cathcart, R., Chandler, K. & Swanton, C. (2009). Fertilizer nitrogen rate and the response of weeds to herbicides. Weed Science, 52, 291-296.
Chou, C.H. & Patrick, Z. (1976). Indentification and phytotoxic activity of compounds produced during decomposition of corn and rye residues in soil. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2, 369-387.
Cucci, G., Lacolla, G., Summo, C. & Pasqualone, A. (2019). Effect of organic and mineral fertilization on faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 243, 338-343.
Cui, S., Zhou, Q. & Chao, L. (2007). Potential hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in endurant plants distributed in an old smeltery, northeast China. Environ Geol., 51, 1043-1048.
Dixon, R. & Paiva, N. (1995). Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7, 1085–1097.
Dudka, S., Piotrowska, M. & Chlopecka, A. (1994). Effect of elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn in soil on spring wheat yield and the metal contents of the plants. Water Air Soil Pollut., 76, 333–341.
Erisman, J.W., Galloway, J.N., Dice, N.B., Sutton, M.A., Bleeker, A., Grizzetti, B., Leach, A.M. & Vries, W. (2015). Nitrogen: Too Much of a Vital Resource. Science Brief. Zeist: WWF Netherlands.
Esfandiar, J., Mohammad, J., Babak, M., Ali, T. & Nosratallah, Z. (2017). Evaluating Tolerance Of Plants Species To Heavy Metals In Oil Polluted Region (Case Study: Pazanan Gachsaran). Rangeland Winter, 10 (4), 409-424.
Gil, M.I., Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Hess-Pierce, B. & Kader, A.A. (2002). Antioxidant capacities, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of nectarine, peach, and plum cultivars from California. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50 (17), 4976-4982.
Halliwell, B. (1990). How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Research Communications, 9, 1-32.
Hamouz, K., Lachman, J., Hejtmánková, K., Pazderu, K., Čížek, M. & Dvorˇák, P. (2010). Effect of natural and growing conditions on the content of phenolics in potatoes with different flesh colour. Plant Soil Environ., 56, 368–374.
He, H. & Lin, W. (2001). Preliminary studies on allelopathic potential in rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2.
Herrmann, K.M. & Weaver, L.M. (1999). The Shikimate Pathway. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology., 50, 473–503.
Hirel, B., Tétu, T., Lea, P.J. & Dubois, F. (2011). Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crops for sustainable griculture. Sustainability, 3, 1452–85.
Hou, S., Zheng, N., Tang, L., Ji, X. & Li, Y. (2019). Effect of soil pH and organic matter content on heavy metals availability in maize (Zea mays L.) rhizospheric soil of non-ferrous metals smelting area. Environ Monit Assess, 191, 634.
Kaur, C. & Kapoor, H. (2001). Antioxidant in fruits and vegetables – the millennium’s health. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 36, 703-725.
Kovacevic, D., Oljaca, S., Dolijanovic, Z. & Simic, M. (2010). Sustainable Agriculture: Importance of Cultural Practices Adaptation in Winter Wheat Technology. Növényterméls Suppl., 59, 1-4.
Ksouri, R., Megdiche, W., Falleh, H., Trabelsi, N., Boulaaba, M., Smaoui, A. & Abdelly, C. (2008). Influence of biological, environmental and technical factors on phenolic content and antioxidant activities of Tunisian halophytes. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331 (11), 865-873.
Li, Y., Gou, G., Zhang, Q., Su, Q. & Xiao, G. (2008). Heavy metal contamination and source in arid agricultural soil in central Gansu Province. Journal of environmental sciences, 20 (5).
Lindquist, J.L. & Mortensen, D.A. (1999). Ecophysiological characteristics of four maize hybrids and Abutilon theophrasti. Weed Research, 39 (4), 271-285.
Liu, J.K., Hu, L., Dong, Z.J. & Hu, Q. (2004). DPPH radical scavenging activity of ten natural pterphenyl derivatives obtained from three edible mushrooms indigenous to China. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 1, 601-605.
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A. & Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy reviews, 4 (8), 118.
Ma, D., Sun, D., Li, Y., Wang, C., Xiea, Y. & Guo, T. (2015). Effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on phenolic content, phenolic acid composition, and antioxidant activity of winter wheat grain. J. Sci. Food Agric., 95, 1039–1046.
Nádasy, E., Pásztor, G., Béres, I. & Szilágyi, G. (2018). Allelopathic effects of Abutilon theophrasti, Asclepias syriaca and Panicum ruderale on maize. Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 458.
Parrish, J.A.D. & Bazzaz, F.A. (1982). Response of plants from three successional communities to a nutrient gradient. J. Ecol., 70, 233– 248.
Patterson, D.T. (1981). Effects of allelopathic chemicals on growth and physiological response of soybean (Glycine max).Weed Science, 29, 53-58.
Pourreza, J. & Bahrani, A. (2015). Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Competition with Wheat (Triticum aestivum). 5th International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering, 83 of IPCBEE.
Robbins, R.J. (2003). Phenolic acids in foods: an overview of analytical methodology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (10), 2866-2887.
Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R. & Lamuela-Raventos, R. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in enzymology, 299, 152-178.
Stefanelli, D., Goodwin, I. & Jones, R. (2010). Minimal nitrogen and water use in horticulture: effects on quality and content of selected nutrients. Food Res. Intern., 43, 1833–1843.
Vaya, J. & Aviram, M. (2001). Nutritional antioxidants: Mechanisms of action, analyses of activities and medical applications. Current Medicinal Chemistry – Immunology, Endocrine and Metabolic Agents, 1, 99-107.
Zhou, C., Zhu, Y. & Luo, Y. (2013). Effect of sulfur fertilization on the accumulation of health-promoting phytochemicals in radish sprouts. J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 7552–7559.
Waksmundzka, M.H. (1998). Chromatographic separations of aromatic carboxylic acids. Journal of chromatography B: Biomedical sciences and applications, 717 (1-2), 93-118.
Wendy, A., Johnson, W.J., Raymond, A., Cloyd, R.A., Nechols, J.R., Williams, K.A., Nathan, O., Nelson, N.O., Rotenberg, D. & Kennelly, M.M. (2012). Effect of nitrogen source on pac choi (Brassica rapa L.) chemistry and interactions with the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). HortScience, 47, 1457–1465.
Winkel-Shirley, B. (1999). Evidence for enzyme complexes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. Physiologia Plantarum, 107, 142-149.
Wu, H., Haig, T., Prately, J., Lemerle, D. & An, M. (1999). Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3- one in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatogrphy A, 864, 315-321.
Wu, H., Haig, T., Prately, J., Lemerle, D. & An, M. (2001). Allelochemicals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Variation of phenolic acids in root tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 5321-5325.
Wu, D. & Cederbaum, A. (2003). Alcohol, oxidative stress, and free radical damage. Alcohol Research Health, 27, 277-284.