ODNOS N:K U ČERNOZEMU I USEVIMA PRI RAZLIČITIM PRAKSAMA ĐUBRENJA I U USLOVIMA KLIMATSKIH PROMENA
Sažetak
Iako se stehiometrija hranljivih materija široko primenjuje u proceni ishrane biljaka, agronomi u Ukrajini tradicionalno koriste apsolutne rezultate istraživanja. Da bi se prevazišao ovaj jaz, razmatrana je vremenska varijabilnost odnosa N:K u zemljištu i biljnim tkivima u dugoročnom poljskom ogledu (1971–2017) ispitivanjem uticaja različitih sistema đubrenja kalijumom na produktivnost plodoreda u severoistočnoj Ukrajini (Harkovska oblast). U istraživanju je upoređivan rezidualni uticaj visokog početnog nivoa kalijuma (1800 kg ha⁻¹) i sistematske primene mineralnih đubriva (NPK) u jednostrukim i dvostrukim dozama u okviru plodoreda. Dostupni K u černozemu bio je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa godišnjom količinom padavina, što je uticalo na stehiometrijsku ravnotežu u biljnim tkivima. U sušnim uslovima, odnos N:K se značajno sužavao, posebno pri đubrenju samo kalijumom. Nasuprot tome, uravnotežena primena NPK đubriva održavala je odnos N:K uporedivim sa onim koji se javlja u uslovima optimalne vlažnosti. Odnos između raspoloživog kalijuma i vode ukazuje na potrebu korišćenja stehiometrijskih odnosa, uključujući i odnos N:K, radi uravnotežene ishrane biljaka u kontekstu klimatskih promena. Uopšteno gledano, đubrenje kalijumom poboljšalo je produktivnost plodoreda i doprinelo je stabilnijoj ravnoteži odnosa hranljivih materija.
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