Uticaj faze zrelosti ploda, dozrevanja semena nakon berbe i genotipske varijabilnosti na masu 1000 semena kod plavog patlidžana
Sažetak
Ova studija ispitivala je uticaj faze zrelosti ploda i dozrevanja semena nakon berbe na masu 1.000 semena plavog patlidžana (Solanum melongena L.) kod tri morfološki različite sorte (srpska, kineska i italijanska). Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda (2017–2019), poljski ogledi su izvedeni na Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Plodovi su brani u fazama nedozrelosti, poluzrelosti i pune zrelosti, a zatim čuvani 10 ili 20 dana na 20–25°C pre ekstrakcije semena. Seme je izdvajano nakon trodnevne fermentacije i analizirano prema ISTA pravilima. Rezultati su pokazali da je zrelost ploda ključni faktor, sa više od 97% učešća u varijabilnosti mase semena. Seme iz potpuno zrelih plodova imalo je najveću masu, i do 68% veću u odnosu na seme iz nedozrelih plodova. Dozrevanje nakon berbe povećalo je masu semena u svim fazama, potvrđujući nastavak njegovog razvoja. Seme izdvojeno nakon 20 dana imalo je značajno veću masu u poređenju sa semenom izdvojenim nakon 10 dana. Najveće vrednosti mase 1.000 semena zabeležene su kod srpske sorte u punoj zrelosti, dok je italijanska sorta postigla najviše vrednosti u poluzreloj fazi nakon dozrevanja. Kineska sorta imala je najniže vrednosti u svim tretmanima, što ukazuje na genotipske razlike. Rezultati potvrđuju značaj zrelosti ploda i dozrevanja nakon berbe za kvalitet semena. Odlaganje ekstrakcije predstavlja efikasnu meru za povećanje mase i vitalnosti semena, pružajući značajne smernice oplemenjivačima i proizvođačima semena u cilju unapređenja kvaliteta semena plavog patlidžana.
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