Prevencija upotrebe duvana među mladima zasnovana na dokazima
Ključne reči:
upotreba duvana, prevencija, mladi
Sažetak
Najveći procenat pušača počinje da puši tokom perioda adolescencije kada rast i razvoj nisu još uvek kompletno završeni. Zavisnost od nikotina se može razviti u kratkom roku od otpočinjanja pušenja, a pušenje tokom adolescencije je povezano sa mnogobrojnim posledicama po zdravlje. Iz navedenih razloga, mladi predstavljaju ključnu ciljnu grupu u kontroli duvana. Zavisnost od nikotina je hronična i recidivirajuća po svojoj prirodi, a preventivne mere usmerene su ne samo na sprečavanje otpočinjanja konzumiranja, već i sprečavanje da oni koji već eksperimentišu sa duvanom razviju zavisnost kao i odvikavanje od pušenja. Kako bi bile efektivne, preventivne intervencije treba da budu zasnovane na teorijskim okvirima i dokazima i naučnim saznanjima o determinantama ponašanja. U prethodnim decenijama, uočena je neefektivnosti pojedinih preventivnih intervencija, dok su pojedine intervencije i dalje predmet debate. U radu su prikazani dokazi iz istraživanja o efektivnosti školskih programa, programa u zajednici, medijskih kampanja, uz ukazivanje na potrebu sagledavanja novih mogućnosti i izazova u kontroli duvana kao što je rano otkrivanje zavisnosti od nikotina kod adolescenata. Dokazi pokazuju da mnoge preventivne intervencije nisu zasnovane na teorijskom konceptu, kao i da pojedine intervencije mogu biti i kontraproduktivne. Bez obzira na vrstu i okruženje u kome se preventivne intervencije sprovode, važno je uzeti u obzir kontekst u kojem će intervencije biti sprovedene.
Reference
Reference
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35. De Kleijn MJ, Farmer MM, Booth M, Motala A, Smith A, Sherman S et al. Systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent smoking for girls. Syst Rev. 2015;4:109. Published 2015 Aug 14. doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0082-7
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39. Luna-Adame M, Carrasco-Giménez TJ and Rueda-García MdM. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a smoking prevention program based on the ‘Life Skills Training’ approach. Health Education Research. 2013. 28(4): p. 673-682.
40. Dusenbury L, Brannigan R, Hansen WB, Walsh J, Falco M. Quality of implementation: developing measures crucial to understanding the diffusion of preventive interventions. Health Educ Res. 2005;20(3):308-313. doi:10.1093/her/cyg134
41. Golechha M. Health Promotion Methods for Smoking Prevention and Cessation: A Comprehensive Review of Effectiveness and the Way Forward. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7:7. Published 2016 Jan 11. doi:10.4103/2008-7802.173797
42. Backett-Milburn K, Wilson S. Understanding peer education: insights from a process evaluation. Health Educ Res. 2000;15(1):85-96. doi:10.1093/her/15.1.85
43.Clarke JH, MacPherson B, Holmes DR, Jones R. Reducing adolescent smoking: a comparison of peer-led, teacher-led, and expert interventions. The Journal of School Health. 1986 Mar;56(3):102-106. DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1986.tb05707.x.
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45.Bilgiç N. and T. Günay. Evaluation of effectiveness of peer education on smoking behavior among high school students. Saudi medical journal, 2018. 39(1): p. 74-80.
46.Abdi F. and Simbar M. The Peer Education Approach in Adolescents- Narrative Review Article. Iranian journal of public health. 2013. 42(11): p. 1200-1206.
47.Thomas RE, Baker PRA, Thomas BC, Lorenzetti DL. Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004493. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004493.pub3.
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