Evidence based tobacco use prevention among youth
Keywords:
tobacco use, prevention, youth
Abstract
Evidence based tobacco use prevention among youth
For majority of smokers, onset of smoking occurs during adolescence, period of intensive growth and development, and this early smoking initiation is associated with many adverse health effects. Due to the chronic and recurrent nature of nicotine dependence that can manifest soon after onset, smoking prevention measures include not only prevention of onset, but also prevention of transition from experimentation to chronic tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation. Effective preventive measures should be based on relevant theory and scientific evidence on behavior determinants. Findings from research conducted in previous decades show that some preventive measures can be ineffective, while other are still under debate. In this review article we present evidence from researches on effectiveness of school programs, community based programs, media campaigns and stress the importance of considering new challenges in tobacco control and other promising strategies as well as need for early detection of nicotine dependence signs among adolescents. In practice, many preventive measures are not based on theory and some interventions can be contra productive. Regardless of type of intervention and setting in which is implemented, it is of importance to take into account context for its implementation.
References
Reference
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11.DeBry SC, Tiffany ST. Tobacco-induced neurotoxicity of adolescent cognitive development (TINACD): a proposed model for the development of impulsivity in nicotine dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(1):11-25. doi:10.1080/14622200701767811
12. Brown RA, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR, Wagner EF. Cigarette smoking, major depression, and other psychiatric disorders among adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(12):1602-1610. doi:10.1097/00004583-199612000-00011
13. Deas D. Adolescent substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidities. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006; 67 Suppl 7:18-23.
14. Leavell H, Clark E. Preventive medicine for the doctor in his community an epidemiologic approach. 1 st edition, New York: McGraw-Hill; 1958
15. Strasser T. Reflections on cardiovascular diseases. Interdisciplinary science reviews. 1978. 3(3): p. 225-230.
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17.Pandve HT. Quaternary prevention: need of the hour. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2014. 3(4): p. 309-310.
18.Mrazek PJ, Haggerty RJ. Reducing risks for mental disorders: frontiers for preventive intervention research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1994
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24.Sussman S. Risk factors for and prevention of tobacco use. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 2005; 44(7): p. 614-619.
25. Pentz M A. Evidence-Based Prevention: Characteristics, Impact, and Future Direction. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2003; 35(sup1): p. 143-152.
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27.Prochaska J O. Johnson S and Lee P. The transtheoretical model of behavior change. 2009.
28.Bartholomew E LK. Kay. Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass:2006
29.Durell J, Bukoski W. Preventing substance abuse: the state of the art. Public Health Rep. 1984;99(1):23-31.
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32. Wiehe SE, Garrison MM, Christakis DA, Ebel BE, Rivara FP. A systematic review of school-based smoking prevention trials with long-term follow-up. J Adolesc Health. 2005;36(3):162-169. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.12.003
33. Nishio A, Saito J, Tomokawa S, Kobayashi J, Makino Y, Akiyama T. et al. Systematic review of school tobacco prevention programs in African countries from 2000 to 2016. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192489. Published 2018 Feb 6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192489
34. Thomas R E, McLellan J and Perera R. Effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention curricula: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015. 5(3): p. e006976.
35. De Kleijn MJ, Farmer MM, Booth M, Motala A, Smith A, Sherman S et al. Systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent smoking for girls. Syst Rev. 2015;4:109. Published 2015 Aug 14. doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0082-7
36.National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Tobacco Use Among Young People. In: Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2012.
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38.Sherman EJ and Primack BA. What works to prevent adolescent smoking? A systematic review of the National Cancer Institute's Research-Tested Intervention Programs. The Journal of school health. 2009. 79(9): p. 391-399.
39. Luna-Adame M, Carrasco-Giménez TJ and Rueda-García MdM. Evaluation of the effectiveness of a smoking prevention program based on the ‘Life Skills Training’ approach. Health Education Research. 2013. 28(4): p. 673-682.
40. Dusenbury L, Brannigan R, Hansen WB, Walsh J, Falco M. Quality of implementation: developing measures crucial to understanding the diffusion of preventive interventions. Health Educ Res. 2005;20(3):308-313. doi:10.1093/her/cyg134
41. Golechha M. Health Promotion Methods for Smoking Prevention and Cessation: A Comprehensive Review of Effectiveness and the Way Forward. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7:7. Published 2016 Jan 11. doi:10.4103/2008-7802.173797
42. Backett-Milburn K, Wilson S. Understanding peer education: insights from a process evaluation. Health Educ Res. 2000;15(1):85-96. doi:10.1093/her/15.1.85
43.Clarke JH, MacPherson B, Holmes DR, Jones R. Reducing adolescent smoking: a comparison of peer-led, teacher-led, and expert interventions. The Journal of School Health. 1986 Mar;56(3):102-106. DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1986.tb05707.x.
44.Black DR, Tobler NS and Sciacca J.P. Peer helping/involvement: an efficacious way to meet the challenge of reducing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among youth? J Sch Health. 1998. 68(3): p. 87-93.
45.Bilgiç N. and T. Günay. Evaluation of effectiveness of peer education on smoking behavior among high school students. Saudi medical journal, 2018. 39(1): p. 74-80.
46.Abdi F. and Simbar M. The Peer Education Approach in Adolescents- Narrative Review Article. Iranian journal of public health. 2013. 42(11): p. 1200-1206.
47.Thomas RE, Baker PRA, Thomas BC, Lorenzetti DL. Family‐based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004493. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004493.pub3.
48.Harvey J, Chadi N and Canadian Paediatric Society, Adolescent Health Committee. Preventing smoking in children and adolescents: Recommendations for practice and policy. Paediatr Child Health. 2016;21(4):209-221. doi:10.1093/pch/21.4.209
49.Pbert L, Farber H, Horn K, lando HA, Muramoto M, O’Laughin et al. State-of-the-art office-based interventions to eliminate youth tobacco use: the past decade. Pediatrics. 2015;135(4):734-747. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2037
50.Christakis DA, Garrison MM, Ebel BE, Wiehe SE, Rivara FP. Pediatric smoking prevention interventions delivered by care providers: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2003;25(4):358-362. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(03)00214-9
51.Leventhal H, Cleary PD. The smoking problem: a review of the research and theory in behavioral risk modification. Psychological bulletin, 1980. 88(2): p. 370.
52.DiFranza JR, Savageau JA, Fletcher K, O’Laughin J, Pbert L, Ockene JK et al. Symptoms of tobacco dependence after brief intermittent use: the Development and Assessment of Nicotine Dependence in Youth-2 study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(7):704-710. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.7.704
53.O'Loughlin J, DiFranza J, Tyndale RF, Meshefedjian G, McMillan-Davey E, Clarke PBS et al. Nicotine-dependence symptoms are associated with smoking frequency in adolescents. American journal of preventive medicine.2003. 25(3): p. 219-225.
54.Gervais A, O'Loughlin J, Meshefedjian G, Bancej C, Tremblay M. Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents. CMAJ. 2006;175(3):255-261. doi:10.1503/cmaj.051235
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