FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEASONAL INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION IN PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC ILLNESSES
Immunization in chronic illness
Keywords:
influenza, immunization, chronic illnesses, predictors
Abstract
At a global level, 3 to 5 million people annully present severe clinical forms of influenza and up to 650,000 people die of influneza-related complications. People with chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, neurologic, hematologic and metabolic diseases or those reciveing immunosuppressive therapy, constitute a high-risk population group for the development of influenza-related complications, more severe clinical course and poorer health-related outcomes. Because of this, people with chronic illnesses are of high priority to receive the influenza vaccine. Immunization represents the key strategy to prevent influenza both in terms of effectiveness and health care costs. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, adequate influenza immunization coverage among people with chronic illnesses is set at 75%. However, few countries achieve this threshold. Understanding predictive factors of vaccination, at different levels of health care delivery (such as individuals, service providers, health policy), is essential to secure acceptance of influenza immunization and achieve the recommended level of vaccination coverage. In this mini review, we summarized the available evidence regarding influenza vaccination coverage and factors associated with vaccine uptake in people with chronic diseases as a whole, as well as according to specific illnesses such as: cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, diabetes and cancer. Based on the reviewed empirical evidence, we found a wide spectrum of factors associated with immunization against influneza in people who have chronic illnesses. Although diverse, these factors can be systematized into 4 distinctive groups: socio-demographic characteristics, individual attitudes and beliefs, health promoting behaviors and factors related to the health care system. Further efforts are needed to improve the influenza vaccination coverage. The immunization strategy needs to include the health care system and the community to support people with chronic illnesses to continously accept the influenza vaccine.
References
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17. Bodeker B, Remschmidt C, Schmich P, Wichmann O. Why are older adults and individuals with underlying chronic diseases in Germany not vaccinated against flu? A population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:618.
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19. Quinn SC, Jamison AM, Freimuth VS, An J , Hancock GR. Determinants of influenza vaccination among high-risk Black and White adults. Vaccine. 2017;35(51):7154-9.
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23. Daley MF, Beaty BL, Barrow J, Pearson K, Crane LA, Berman S, et al. Missed opportunities for influenza vaccination in children with chronic medical conditions. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:986-91.
24. Macintyre CR, Heywood AE, Kovoor P, Ridda I, Seale H, Tan T, et al. Ischaemic heart disease, influenza and influenza vaccination: a prospective case control study. Heart. 2013;99(24):1843-8.
25. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, de Andres AL, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Esteban J, Gil A, et al. Predictors of influenza vaccination uptake among adults with a history of heart attack. Hum Vaccin. 2010;6(7):566-71.
26. Turner S, J de Souza R, Kumareswaran R, Singh SM. Barriers to Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs. Summer 2015;25(3):17-23.
27. Influenza infection and heart failure-vaccination may change heart failure prognosis? Kadoglou NPE, Bracke F, Simmers T, Tsiodras S, Parissis J. Heart Fail Rev. 2017;22(3):329-36.
28. Vardeny O, Claggett B, Udell JA, Packer M, Zile M, Rouleau J, et al. Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: The PARADIGM-HF Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(2):152-8.
29. Olanipekun T, Effoe VS, Olanipekun O, Igbinomwanhia E, Kola-Kehinde O, Fotzeu C, et al. Factors influencing the uptake of influenza vaccination in African American patients with heart failure: Findings from a large urban public hospital. Heart Lung. 2020;49(3):233-7.
30. Bare I, Crawford J, Pon K, Farida N, Dehghani P. Frequency and Consequences of Influenza Vaccination in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(4):491-4.
31. López-de-Andrés A, Carrasco-Garrido P, Hernández-Barrera V, de Miguel AG, Jiménez-García R. Coverages and factors associated with influenza vaccination among subjects with chronic respiratory diseases in Spain. Eur J Public Health. 2008;18(2):173-7.
32. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, López de Andrés A, de Miguel AG. Predictors of influenza vaccination in adults with chronic bronchitis. Respir Med. 2009;103(10):1518-25.
33. Cheung KW, Mak YM. Association between Psychological Flexibility and Health Beliefs in the Uptake of Influenza Vaccination among People with Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(2):155.
34. Santos-Sancho JM, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Hernández-Barrera V, López-de Andrés A, Carrasco-Garrido P, Ortega-Molina P, et al. Influenza vaccination coverage and uptake predictors among Spanish adults suffering COPD. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8(7):938-45.
35. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, Lopez de Andrés A, Miguel de Diez J, Gil de Miguel A. Coverage and predictors of adherence to influenza vaccination among Spanish children and adults with asthma. Infection. 2010;38(1):52-7.
36. Keenan H, Campbell J, Evans PH. Influenza vaccination in patients with asthma: why is the uptake so low? Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(538):359-63.
37. Asciak R, Balzan M, Buttigieg J. Predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination in chronic asthma. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2013;8(1):68.
38. Lyn-Cook R, Halm EA, Wisnivesky JP. Determinants of adherence to influenza vaccination among inner-city adults with persistent asthma. Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(4):229-35.
39. Ye L, Chen J, Fang T, Cui J, Li H, Ma R, et al. Determinants of healthcare workers’ willingness to recommend the seasonal influenza vaccine to diabetic patients: A cross-sectional survey in Ningbo, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(12):2979-86.
40. Ko YM, Ko SH, Han K, Park Y-M, Choi JY, Kim SY, et al. Importance of Awareness and Treatment for Diabetes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Diabetic Patients under 65 Years: A Population-Based Study. Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):55-66.
41. Jiménez-García R, Jimenez I, Garrido PC, Hernández-Barrera V, de Andres AL, del Barrio JL, et al. Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination among adults with diabetes in Spain. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;79(3):510-7.
42. Olatunbosun OD, Esterhuizen TM, Wiysonge CS. A cross sectional survey to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination among diabetics in Pretoria, South Africa. Vaccine. 2017;35(47):6375-86.
43. Feng W, Cui J, Li H. Determinants of Willingness of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Receive the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Southeast China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(12):2203
44. Alkan A, Karcı E, Yaşar A, Tuncay G, Köksoy EB, Ürün M, et al. Vaccination in oncology practice and predictors. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(9):2677-82.
45. Kersun LS, Reilly AF, Coffin SE, Sullivan KE. Protecting Pediatric Oncology Patients From Influenza. Oncologist. 2013;18(2):204-11.
46. Kersun LS, Reilly A, Coffin SE, Boyer J, Luning Prak ET, McDonald K, et al. A prospective study of chemotherapy immunologic effects and predictors of humoral influenza vaccine responses in a pediatric oncology cohort. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013;7(6):1158-67.
47. Oh MG, Han MA, Yun NR, Park J, Ryu SY, Kim DM, et al. A Population-Based, Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study on Influenza Vaccination Status among Cancer Survivors in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(8):10133-49.
48. Poeppl W, Lagler H, Raderer M, Sperr WR, Zielinski C, Herkner H, et al. Influenza vaccination perception and coverage among patients with malignant disease. Vaccine. 2015;33(14):1682-7.
49. Vinograd I, Baslo R, Eliakim-Raz N, Farbman L, Taha A, Sakhnini A, et al. Factors associated with influenza vaccination among adult cancer patients: a case-control study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(9):899-905.
50. Stafford KA, Sorkin JD, Steinberger EK. Influenza vaccination among cancer survivors: disparities in prevalence between blacks and whites. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(2):183-90.
2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Seasonal influenza. Prevention Makes a Difference. Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/facts/key-messages Accessed on March 26, 2021
3. Moghadami M. A Narrative Review of Influenza: A Seasonal and Pandemic Disease. Iran J Med Sci. 2017;42(1):2-13.
4. Petrova VN, Russell CA. The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018;16:47-60.
5. Buchy P, Badur S. Who and when to vaccinate against influenza. Int J Infect Dis.2020;93:375-87.
6. Cheng Y, Cao X, Cao Z, Xu C, Sun L, Gao Y, et al. Effects of influenza vaccination on the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and all-cause mortality. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 62:101124.
7. European Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk groups for severe influenza. Available from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/seasonal-influenza/prevention-and-control/vaccines/risk-groups Accessed on April 10, 2021.
8. Arriola C, Garg S, Anderson EJ, Ryan PA, George A, Zansky SM, et al. Influenza Vaccination Modifies Disease Severity Among Community-dwelling Adults Hospitalized With Influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(8):1289-97.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Seasonal Flu Shot. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/flushot.htm Accessed on April 10, 2021.
10. World Health Organization. Seasonal vaccination policies and coverage in the European Region. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/communicable-diseases/influenza/vaccination/seasonal-vaccination-policies-and-coverage-in-the-european-region Accessed on April 10, 2021.
11. Jorgensen P, Mereckieneb J, Cotterb S, Johansenc K, Tsolovac S, Browna C. How close are countries of the WHO European Region to achieving the goal of vaccinating 75% of key risk groups against influenza? Results from national surveys on seasonal influenza vaccination programmes, 2008/2009 to 2014/2015. Vaccine. 2018;36(4):442-52.
12. Yan S, Wang Y, Zhu W, Zhang L, Gu H, Liu D, et al. Barriers to influenza vaccination among different populations in Shanghai. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020;1-9.
13. Papaioannou A, Konstantinidi A-E, Primikiri E, Asimakopoulou F, Aravantinos D, Mavromichali Z. Influenza vaccination rate among high risk group patients in primary health care in Greece. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2020;28(4):297-301.
14. Bertoldo G, Pesce A, Pepe A, Pelullo CP, Di Giuseppe G. Seasonal influenza: Knowledge, attitude and vaccine uptake among adults with chronic conditions in Italy. PLoS One. 2019; 14(5).
15. Dower J, Donald M, Begum N, Vlack S, Ozolins I. Patterns and determinants of influenza and pneumococcal immunisation among adults with chronic disease living in Queensland, Australia. Vaccine. 2011;29:3031-7.
16. Casalino E, Ghazali A, Bouzid D, Antoniol S, Pereira L, Kenway P, et al. Patient’s behaviors and missed opportunities for vaccination against seasonal epidemic influenza and evaluation of their impact on patient’s influenza vaccine uptake. PLoS One. 2018;13(3).
17. Bodeker B, Remschmidt C, Schmich P, Wichmann O. Why are older adults and individuals with underlying chronic diseases in Germany not vaccinated against flu? A population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:618.
18. Rodríguez-Rieiro C, Domínguez-Berjón MF, Esteban-Vasallodomínguez-Berjón MD, Cuadrado AR, Carrasco-Garrido P, Jiménez-García R. Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccine uptake among adults aged 16 to 59 years suffering from a chronic condition in Madrid, Spain. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(5):557-62.
19. Quinn SC, Jamison AM, Freimuth VS, An J , Hancock GR. Determinants of influenza vaccination among high-risk Black and White adults. Vaccine. 2017;35(51):7154-9.
20. Borthwick C, O'Connor R, Kennedy L. Psychological predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among adults with a high-risk physical health condition: a systematic review. Psychol Health. 2021;36(2):214-35.
21. Pandolfi E, Marino MG, Carloni E, Romano M, Gesualdo F, Borgia P, et al. The effect of physician's recommendation on seasonal influenza immunization in children with chronic diseases. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:984.
22. Pandolfi E, Carloni E, Marino MG, Ciofi degli Atti ML, Gesualdo F, Romano M, et al. Immunization coverage and timeliness in Italian children with chronic diseases. Vaccine. 2012; 20(7):5172-8.
23. Daley MF, Beaty BL, Barrow J, Pearson K, Crane LA, Berman S, et al. Missed opportunities for influenza vaccination in children with chronic medical conditions. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005;159:986-91.
24. Macintyre CR, Heywood AE, Kovoor P, Ridda I, Seale H, Tan T, et al. Ischaemic heart disease, influenza and influenza vaccination: a prospective case control study. Heart. 2013;99(24):1843-8.
25. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, de Andres AL, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Esteban J, Gil A, et al. Predictors of influenza vaccination uptake among adults with a history of heart attack. Hum Vaccin. 2010;6(7):566-71.
26. Turner S, J de Souza R, Kumareswaran R, Singh SM. Barriers to Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs. Summer 2015;25(3):17-23.
27. Influenza infection and heart failure-vaccination may change heart failure prognosis? Kadoglou NPE, Bracke F, Simmers T, Tsiodras S, Parissis J. Heart Fail Rev. 2017;22(3):329-36.
28. Vardeny O, Claggett B, Udell JA, Packer M, Zile M, Rouleau J, et al. Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: The PARADIGM-HF Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2016;4(2):152-8.
29. Olanipekun T, Effoe VS, Olanipekun O, Igbinomwanhia E, Kola-Kehinde O, Fotzeu C, et al. Factors influencing the uptake of influenza vaccination in African American patients with heart failure: Findings from a large urban public hospital. Heart Lung. 2020;49(3):233-7.
30. Bare I, Crawford J, Pon K, Farida N, Dehghani P. Frequency and Consequences of Influenza Vaccination in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(4):491-4.
31. López-de-Andrés A, Carrasco-Garrido P, Hernández-Barrera V, de Miguel AG, Jiménez-García R. Coverages and factors associated with influenza vaccination among subjects with chronic respiratory diseases in Spain. Eur J Public Health. 2008;18(2):173-7.
32. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, López de Andrés A, de Miguel AG. Predictors of influenza vaccination in adults with chronic bronchitis. Respir Med. 2009;103(10):1518-25.
33. Cheung KW, Mak YM. Association between Psychological Flexibility and Health Beliefs in the Uptake of Influenza Vaccination among People with Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(2):155.
34. Santos-Sancho JM, Jimenez-Trujillo I, Hernández-Barrera V, López-de Andrés A, Carrasco-Garrido P, Ortega-Molina P, et al. Influenza vaccination coverage and uptake predictors among Spanish adults suffering COPD. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8(7):938-45.
35. Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, Carrasco-Garrido P, Lopez de Andrés A, Miguel de Diez J, Gil de Miguel A. Coverage and predictors of adherence to influenza vaccination among Spanish children and adults with asthma. Infection. 2010;38(1):52-7.
36. Keenan H, Campbell J, Evans PH. Influenza vaccination in patients with asthma: why is the uptake so low? Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57(538):359-63.
37. Asciak R, Balzan M, Buttigieg J. Predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination in chronic asthma. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2013;8(1):68.
38. Lyn-Cook R, Halm EA, Wisnivesky JP. Determinants of adherence to influenza vaccination among inner-city adults with persistent asthma. Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(4):229-35.
39. Ye L, Chen J, Fang T, Cui J, Li H, Ma R, et al. Determinants of healthcare workers’ willingness to recommend the seasonal influenza vaccine to diabetic patients: A cross-sectional survey in Ningbo, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(12):2979-86.
40. Ko YM, Ko SH, Han K, Park Y-M, Choi JY, Kim SY, et al. Importance of Awareness and Treatment for Diabetes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Diabetic Patients under 65 Years: A Population-Based Study. Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):55-66.
41. Jiménez-García R, Jimenez I, Garrido PC, Hernández-Barrera V, de Andres AL, del Barrio JL, et al. Coverage and predictors of influenza vaccination among adults with diabetes in Spain. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2008;79(3):510-7.
42. Olatunbosun OD, Esterhuizen TM, Wiysonge CS. A cross sectional survey to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding seasonal influenza and influenza vaccination among diabetics in Pretoria, South Africa. Vaccine. 2017;35(47):6375-86.
43. Feng W, Cui J, Li H. Determinants of Willingness of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Receive the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Southeast China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(12):2203
44. Alkan A, Karcı E, Yaşar A, Tuncay G, Köksoy EB, Ürün M, et al. Vaccination in oncology practice and predictors. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(9):2677-82.
45. Kersun LS, Reilly AF, Coffin SE, Sullivan KE. Protecting Pediatric Oncology Patients From Influenza. Oncologist. 2013;18(2):204-11.
46. Kersun LS, Reilly A, Coffin SE, Boyer J, Luning Prak ET, McDonald K, et al. A prospective study of chemotherapy immunologic effects and predictors of humoral influenza vaccine responses in a pediatric oncology cohort. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013;7(6):1158-67.
47. Oh MG, Han MA, Yun NR, Park J, Ryu SY, Kim DM, et al. A Population-Based, Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study on Influenza Vaccination Status among Cancer Survivors in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(8):10133-49.
48. Poeppl W, Lagler H, Raderer M, Sperr WR, Zielinski C, Herkner H, et al. Influenza vaccination perception and coverage among patients with malignant disease. Vaccine. 2015;33(14):1682-7.
49. Vinograd I, Baslo R, Eliakim-Raz N, Farbman L, Taha A, Sakhnini A, et al. Factors associated with influenza vaccination among adult cancer patients: a case-control study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(9):899-905.
50. Stafford KA, Sorkin JD, Steinberger EK. Influenza vaccination among cancer survivors: disparities in prevalence between blacks and whites. J Cancer Surviv. 2013;7(2):183-90.
Published
2021/07/21
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