ZNAČAJ ORGANIZOVANIH PROGRAMA SKRININGA RAKA GRLIĆA MATERICE

  • Ivana Nikčević Kovačević Institut za javno zdravlje Crne Gore, Podgorica, Crna Gora
Ključne reči: rak grlića materice, organizovani programi skrininga, prevencija, eliminacija

Sažetak


Rak grlića materice se prema poslednjim publikovanim  podacima  iz 2020.   nalazi u prvih pet   najčešće dijagnostikovanih formi raka u ženskoj populaciji. Kod mladih, radno aktivnih žena u reproduktivnom periodu, predstavlja drugi najčešći razlog umiranja od raka. Prevencija raka grlića materice kroz skrining programe postoji i primjenjuje se od 60- tih godina prošlog vijeka a naučna zajednica je saglasna da se radi o visokopreventabilnoj bolesti sa dobrim izgledima za izlječenje ukoliko se bolest otkrije u premalignoj i ranoj malignoj fazi i bez odlaganja pristupi efektivnom liječenju.

Države koje efektivno sprovode organizovane  programe skrininga  bilježe značajan pad incidencije i mortaliteta od raka grlića materice. Njihovo iskustvo se može koristiti kao model zemljama koje još uvijek nemaju uspostavljene organizovane programe ili imaju ali sa nezadovoljavajućim stepenom implementacije ili kvaliteta programa. To su uglavnom nerazvijene zemlje i zemlje u razvoju, gdje  je izloženost faktorima rizika i dalje veoma visoka, preventivne aktivnosti  ograničene  i posledično, opterećenje rakom grlića materice i dalje na veoma visokom nivou. Ostaje izazov kako strategije programa skrininga prilagoditi uslovima tih država na način da se postigne visoki obuhvat ciljne populacije testom odgovarajućih performansi da bi se uspostavila kontrola nad rastućim trendom oboljevanja i u narednim decenijama da bi se postigao pad stopa incidencije i mortaliteta.

Za sada je to jedini rak za koji postoje naučni dokazi da može biti eliminisan do učestalosti koja više neće predstavljati javnozdravstveni problem. Smanjenje incidencije bi trebalo da bude efekat koji bi se vidio na globalnom nivou a da bi se on postigao, potrebno je snažno podržati države u uspostavljanju adekvatnih programa prevencije i ranog otkrivanja raka podržanog efektivnim liječenjem i njegom oboljelih.

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2024/02/22
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