EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Abstract
In order for corporate entrepreneurship to be encouraged and developed, it is necessary to continuously monitor and evaluate activities in this area. It is particularly important to measure the level of innovation, changes in the competitive position, internal efficiency and impacts on performance. Starting from this point of view, this paper aims to acquire knowledge about the most important instruments for the evaluation of entrepreneurial activities at the enterprise level, individual level, as well as evaluation of individual contributions to achieving organizational performance. We identified the main instruments for measurement, which are used at the organizational level, including: Entrepreneurial Intensity, Corporate Entrepreneurship Climate Instrument, Entrepreneurial Health Audit, Zahra’s 14-point scale and Entrepreneurial Management. Also, we analyzed the ways to evaluate the entrepreneurial activities at the level of individual entrepreneurial projects. The contribution of the paper is reflected in highlighting the importance of evaluation of the effects of corporate entrepreneurship, taking into account not only the organizational, but also individual performance, as well as providing insight into the most important instruments that are theoretically relevant and extremely useful in practice.
References
Allen, K. A., (2009) Launching new ventures, 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Antoncic, B., Hisrich, R. D., (2001) Intrapreneurship: Constructive refinment and cross-cultural validation, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 16 No. 5, pg. 495-527.
Balachandra, R., (1984) Critical signals for making go/no go decisions in new product development, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 2, pg. 92-100.
Brazael, D. V., Herbert, T. T., (1999) The genesis of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 23 No. 3, pg. 29-45.
Brown, T. E., Davidsson, P., Wiklund, J., (2001) An operationalization of Stevenson's conceptualization of entrepreneurship as opportunity-based firm behavior. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22 No. 10, pg. 953–968.
Carter, S., Tagg, S., Dimitratos, P., (2004) Beyond portfolio entrepreneurship, multiple income sources in small firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 16, pg. 481-499.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P., (1989) Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 10, pg. 75-87.
Covin, J. G., Slevin, D. P., (1991) A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurhip Theory and Practice, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 7-24.
Davidson, P., Wikilund, J., (2001) Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: Current research practice and suggestions for the future, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 25 No. 4, pg. 81-99.
Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., Wikilund, J., (2006) Entrepreneurship and the growth of firms. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., & McGee, J. E., (1999) Linking corporate entrepreneurship to strategy, structure and process: Suggested research directions. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 23 No. 3, pg. 85-102.
Foa, U. G., & Foa, E. B., (1974) Societal structures of the mind, Springfield: IllThomas.
Goffin, K., Mitchell, R., (2010) Innovation management, 2nd ed., UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Greenberg, D. B., Sexton, D. L., (1988) An interactive model of new venture initiation. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 26 No. 3, pg. 107-108.
Guth, W. D. & Ginsberg, A. (1990). Corporate Entrepreneurship. Strategic Management Journal, Special issue 11, pg. 297-308.
Hill, M., (2003) The development of an instrument to measure intrapreneurship: Entrepreneurship within the corporate setting, Grahamstown, Department of Psychology, Rhodes University.
Hisrich, R. D., Peters, M. P., Shepherd, D. A., (2008) Entrepreneurship, 7th ed., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Montagno, R. V., (1999) Perception of internal factors for corporate entrepreneurship: A comparison of Canadian and U.S. managers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 24 No. 2, pg. 9–24.
Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., Zahra, S. A., (2002) Middle managers’ perception of the internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship: Assessing ameasurement scale. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17 No. 3, pg. 253–273.
Hornsby, J. S., Naffziger, D. W., Kuratko, D. F., Montagno, R. V., (1993) An interactive model of the corporate entrepreneurship process. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 17 No.2, pg. 29–37.
Ireland, R. D., Covin, J. G., & Kuratko, D. F., (2009) Conceptualizing corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 33 No. 1, pg. 19-46.
Ireland, R. D., Kuratko, D. F., Morris, M. H., (2006) The Entrepreneurial Health Audit: Is your firm ready for corporate entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 27 No. 1, pg. 10-17.
Jelinek, M., Litterer, J.A., (1995) Toward entrepreneurial organizations: Meeting ambiguity with engagement. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 19 No. 3, pg. 137-168.
Khandwalla, P. N., (1977) The techno-economic ecology of corporate strategy. Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 13 No. 1, pg.62-75.
Kolvereid, L., Isaksen, E., (2006) New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21 No. 6, pg. 866-885.
Kuratko, D. F., Montagno, R. V., Hornsby, J. S., (1990) Developing an intrapreneurial assessment instrument for an effective corporate entrepreneurial environment. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, pg. 49-58.
Miller, D. & Friesen, P. H., (1982) Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: Two models of strategic momentum. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 3 No.1, pg. 1-25.
Miller, D., (1983) The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms, Management Science, Vol. 29 No. 7, pg. 770-791.
Miller, D., Friesen, P. H., (1983) Strategy-making and environment: The third link. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 4, pg. 221-235.
Morris, M. H., & Kuratko, D. F., (2002) Corporate entrepreneurship, Dallas, TX: Hartcourt Press.
Morris, M. H., (2001) Entrepreneurial intensity: sustainable advantages for individuals, organisations and societies, New York, NY: Quroum Books.
Morris, M. H., Kuratko, D. F., Covin, J. G., (2008) Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation, 2nd ed., Mason, Thomson South-Western.
Morris, M. H., Sexton, D. L., (1996) The concept of entrepreneurial intensity. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 36 No. 1, pg. 5-14.
Pinchot G., Pellman, R., (1999) Intrapreneuring in Action: A Handbook for Business Innovation, Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Rosa, P., (1998) Entrepreneurial processes of business cluster formation and growth by “habitual” entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 22 No. 4, pg. 43-61.
Senge, P. M., (1990) The fifth discipline: The art & practice of learning organization, New York, NY: Doubleday.
Stevenson, H. H., (1983) A perspective on entrepreneurship, Harvard Business School Working paper, No. 9, pg. 384-131.
Stevenson, H. H., Gumpert, D. E., (1985) The heart of entrepreneurship. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 No. 2, pg. 85-94.
Westhead, P., Wright, M., & McElwee, G. (2011) Entrepreneurship: Perspectives and cases, Essex, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
Zahra, S. A., (1996) Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industry technological opportunities. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39 No. 6, pg. 1713-1735.