INHIBITORNA KONTROLA KAO ČINILAC PROBLEMA U PONAŠANJU KOD DECE SA LAKOM INTELEKTUALNOM OMETENOŠĆU
Abstract
Inhibitorna kontrola, kao jedan od bazičnih mehanizama egzekutivnih funkcija, je izuzetno važna za adaptivno ponašanje. Mogućnost alteracije i adaptacije ponašanja u različitim životnim situacijama u velikoj meri zavisi od mogućnosti inhibicije neželjenih ili neodgovarajućih vidova ponašanja.
Istraživanje je sprovedeno s namerom da se utvrdi odnos između inhibitorne kontrole i problema u ponašanju kod dece sa lakom intelektualnom omerenošću.
Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 56 dece sa lakom intelektualnom ometenošću (IQ 50-70, AS=60,27; SD=7,106)), oba pola, iz četiri beogradske osnovne škole. Analizom dokumentacije pedagoško-psihološke službe prikupljeni su podaci o uzrastu i intelektualnim sposobnostima. Podaci o problemima u ponašanju dobijeni su na osnovu standardizovanog intervjua s defektolozima, primenom II dela AAMR Skale adaptivnog funkcionisanja. Inhibitorna kontrola je procenjena Kreni/stani zadatkom, koji se sastoji iz dva dela (konfliktni odgovori i odlaganje odgovora). U statističkoj analizi rezultata je korišćena višefaktorska analiza varijanse (MANOVA).
Analizom rezultata nije utvrđen značajan odnos između skorova na Skali maladaptivnog ponašanja i IQ, pola i uzrasta. Greške konfliktnih odgovora Kreni/stani zadatka nisu statistički značajno povezane sa Skalom maladaptivnog ponašanja u celini (Wilks'λ=0,632; F(21)=1,093, p=0,363), kao ni sa pojedinačnim varijablama (p>0,05). Greške odlaganja odgovora imaju statistički značajan uticaj na rezultate Skale maladaptivnog ponašanja ('λ=0,463; F(21)=1,942, p=0,012). Utvrđen je statistički značajan odnos sa pojedinačnim varijablama (podskalama) Prilagodljivost (F(3)=3,944, p=0,013), Pouzdanost (F(3)=3,576, p=0.020) i Prisilno ponašanje (F(3)=3,721, p=0.017).
Sumirajuči rezultate istraživanja, možemo zaključiti da teškoće odlaganja odgovora značajno utiču na vidove ponašanja koji su usmereni na izbegavanje pravila, neprikladno ponašanje u grupi, otpor prema autoritetu, nepoštovanje javne i privatne imovine, kao i na bizarno ponašanje i samopovređivanje.
Ključne reči: laka intelektualna ometenost, problemi u ponašanju, inhibitorna kontrola, egzekutivne funkcije
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