UTICAJ SOCIOEKONOMSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA PORODICE NA AUDITIVNI RAZVOJ PREVREMENO ROĐENE DECE
Sažetak
Auditivno ponašanje odražava specifičan odgovor na stimulaciju zvukom, govorom ili drugim akustičkim nadražajima i na ranom uzrastu predstavlja socijalnu veštinu. Novorođene čujuće bebe iskazuju afinitet prema majčinom glasu naspram drugih glasova, što predstavlja posledicu slušnog iskustva tokom kasnog intrauterinog razvoja. Prevremeno rođene bebe često svoja prva akustička iskustva stiču u odeljenjima za intenzivnu neonatalnu negu. Visok nivo ambijentalne buke, odvojenost od majki i ostalih članova primarne porodice, samo su neki od faktora koji mogu negativno da utiču na rani slušni razvoj prevremeno rođenog deteta. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi da li socioekonomske karakteristike porodice utiču na dinamiku auditivnog razvoja prevremeno rođene dece tokom prve godine života. Uzorak je činilo 150 prevremeno rođene dece sa teritorije Republike Srbije. Podaci o socioekonomskim karakteristikama porodice prikupljani su od roditelja i/ili preuzimani iz kliničkih dosijea ispitanika, dok je procena slušnog razvoja vršena je pomoću LittlEARS® auditivnog upitnika (LittlEARS® Auditory Questionnaire). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da zaposlenje majki na neodređeno vreme i povremeno zaposlenje očeva korelira sa višim nivoom auditivnog razvoja prevremeno rođene dece na korigovanom uzrastu od godinu dana. Ispitujući uticaj karakteristika porodice na trajektoriju (koju čine početni nivo i tempo) auditivnog razvoja prevremeno rođene dece dobili smo da povremeno zaposlenje oca utiče na brži tempo slušnog razvoja, dok prisustvo siblinga u porodici ima značajan uticaj na viši početni nivo njihovog razvoja. S obzirom da su pojedine karakteristike porodične sredine (stručna sprema roditelja, radni status, prisustvo siblinga) pokazale statistički značajni uticaj na starijim uzrastima prevremeno rođene dece, kada raste značaj jezičkih kompetencija, ovakve rezultate doveli smo u vezu sa rezultatima velikog broja istraživanja koja ističu važnost kvantiteta i kvaliteta ranih socijalnih interakcija u razvoju govorne percepcije, kao najvišeg nivoa auditivnog razvoja.
Ključne reči: auditivni razvoj, prevremeno rođena deca, socioekonomske karakteristike porodiceReference
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