FORME I FUNKCIJE KOMUNIKACIJE KOD UČENIKA S POREMEĆAJEM IZ SPEKTRA AUTIZMA
Sažetak
Uprkos tome što ograničenja u korišćenju gestova mogu perzistirati tokom čitavog života osoba sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma, uvidom u dostupnu literaturu stiče se utisak da se ovoj problematici nedovoljno posvećuje pažnja kada su u pitanju deca školskog uzrasta.
Stoga je naše istraživanje imalo dvostruki cilj. Prvo, želeli smo da utvrdimo zastupljenost i važnost pojedinih oblika i funkcija komunikacije u populaciji učenika sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Drugi cilj nam je bio da utvrdimo povezanost pojedinih individualnih obeležja ovih učenika sa identifikovanim formama i funkcijama komunikacije.
Uzorkom su obuhvaćena 43 učenika sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma, uzrasta od sedam godina i četiri meseca do 19 godina i dva meseca. Zastupljenost različitih oblika i funkcija komunikacije procenjena je modifikovanom Skalom za procenu ekspresivnih komunikacionih formi i funkcija (Cascella, 2005). U istraživanju smo koristili i Gilijamovu skalu za procenu autizma – drugo izdanje (Gilliam, 2006), za procenu zastupljenosti autističkog ponašanja kod ispitivanih učenika. U našem istraživanju informanti su bili specijalni edukatori koji su neposredno radili sa procenjivanim učenicima.
Među ispitanicima su zabeležene izražene varijacije u pogledu ukupnog broja registrovanih komunikacionih formi i funkcija, pri čemu su neverbalni oblici komunikacije bili zastupljeniji od verbalnih, dok je protestovanje bila najzastupljenija funkcija komunikacije. Većina informanata smatra važnim ili vrlo važnim sva procenjivana komunikaciona ponašanja. Ukupan broj formi i funkcija komunikacije nije bio značajno povezan sa hronološkim uzrastom učenika, ali jeste sa razredom. Nadalje, funkcije komunikacije su bile značajno povezane sa težinom ispoljavanja autističkih simptoma.
Generalno, učenici sa poremećajem iz spektra autizma poseduju širok spektar komunikacionih formi i funkcija, koje su prepoznate i visoko vrednovane u školskom kontekstu.
Ključne reči: autizam, gestovi, komunikacija, oblici, funkcije
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