Efekat korektivnih vežbi na funkcionalne deformitete kičmenog stuba kod dece predškolskog i školskog uzrasta

Emir Biševac; Elvis Mahmutović; Raid Mekić; Zana Dolićanin

doi:10.5937/specedreh20-30895

Emir Biševac Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru – Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija
Elvis Mahmutović Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru – Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija
Raid Mekić Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru – Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija
Zana Dolićanin Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru – Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh20-30895

Ključne reči: deformiteti kičmenog stuba, korektivne vežbe, jačanje mišića

Sažetak

Uvod: Slaba razvijenost mišića, praćena nedovoljnom fizičkom aktivnošću i nefiziološkim silama koje deluju na koštano-zglobni sistem, često uzrokuje nepravilno držanje tela. Cilj: Ispitati da li se redovnim izvođenjem korektivnih vežbi kojima se isteže skraćena, a jača oslabljena muskulatura, može popraviti držanje tela kod dece predškolskog i školskog uzrasta. Ispitanici i metode: Prospektivna studija obuhvatila je uzorak od 110 dece, od kojih je 63 (57.2%) dečaka i 47 (42.8%) devojčica (prosečne starosti 6.6 ± 2.4 godina). Korektivne vežbe su izvođene u periodu od šest meseci, četiri puta nedeljno, u trajanju od 90 minuta. Za procenu držanja primenjivane su metode somatoskopije i somatometrije. Rezultati: Na inicijalnom pregledu utvrđeno je da 18 (16.4%) dece ima neki od deformiteta kičme. Njih 11 (10%) imalo je skoliozu, šest (5.5%) kifozu i jedno (0.9%) lordozu. Prvi kontrolni pregled obavljen je posle tri meseca, kada je zabeležen pad broja dece s lošim držanjem. Drugi kontrolni pregled ponovljen je nakon šest meseci. Od ukupno 18 (16.4%) registrovanih na početku, nakon šest meseci njih četvoro (3.6%) imalo je skoliozu, dvoje (1.8%) kifozu i jedno (0.9%) lordozu. Zaključak: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se reći da je redovnim izvođenjem korektivnih vežbi (jačanjem oslabljenih i istezanjem skraćenih mišića) u trajanju od šest meseci ostvaren pozitivan efekat na određene deformitete kičmenog stuba. Korekcija kifoze je bila vidljiva već nakon tri meseca, skolioze nakon šest meseci, dok korekcija lordoze u jedinom zabeleženom slučaju nije postignuta korektivnim vežbama.

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