KORTIKALNO OŠTEĆENJE VIDA - KARAKTERISTIKE I TRETMAN

Vesna Vučinić; Marija Anđelković; Branka Jablan; Vesna Žigić

doi:10.5937/specedreh13-6827

Vesna Vučinić Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
Marija Anđelković Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
Branka Jablan Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
Vesna Žigić Univerzitet u Beogradu - Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh13-6827

Sažetak

Kortikalno oštećenje vida (Cortical visual impairment - CVI) prema najnovijim podacima predstavlja jedan od najčešćih uzorka smetnji i teškoća u području vizuelnog funkcionisanja. Posledica je oštećenja centralnog dela vizuelnog sistema, odnosno vizuelnog korteksa, posteriornog vizuelnog puta ili oba zajedno. Dijagnoza CVI se najčešće postavlja u prve tri godine života.

Cilj ovog rada je da stručnoj javnosti prikaže karakteristike dece sa CVI-a i strategije koje se koriste u tretmanu. CVI utiče negativno na gotovo sve domene razvoja, vizuelno-perceptivne veštine, motoriku, kognitivne sposobnosti i socijalne veštine. Među decom sa CVI stanje vida se kreće od potpune nemogućnosti viđenja do minimalnih vizuelno perceptivnih teškoća, a više od 50% ima višestruke smetnje. Zahvaljujući napretku u razumevanja obrazaca neuronske aktivnosti i neuroplastičnosti mozga, kao i intenzivnom proučavanju potencijala i ograničenja deteta sa CVI, poslednjih decenija se osmišljavaju i sprovode posebne oblasti tretmana, koje mu pružaju mogućnost da optimalno funkcioniše vizuelno kao i u svakodnevnom životu.

Ključne reči: kortikalno oštećenje vida, dijagnostika, vizuelno i socijalno funkcionisanje, tretman

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