FIZIČKA AKTIVNOST I MINERALNA GUSTINA KOSTIJU
Sažetak
Kosti imaju važnu strukturalnu ulogu u organizmu. One obezbeđuju pokretljivost, oslonac, i zaštitu organizma, i predstavljaju mesto gde se skladište esencijalni minerali. Zdrave kosti su od ključnog uticaja na ukupno zdravlje čoveka, a aktivnosti koje promovišu zdravlje i utiču preventivno na nastanak bolesti kostiju su ključne u održavanju jakog i zdravog koštanog sistema. Fizička neaktivnost utiče na smanjenje funkcija koštanog sistema, a najučestalije oboljenje koštanog sistema je osteoporoza. Osteoporoza je sistemska bolest koštanog sistema koja dovodi do male gustine kostiju i pogoršanja mikroarhitekture koštanog tkiva. Dalje, osteoporoza je bolest karakteristična po smanjenju mineralne gustine kostiju i strukturalnog pogoršanja koštanog tkiva koje prouzrokuje manju čvrstinu kostiju, i može dovesti do preloma. Fizička aktivnost je od suštinskog značaja za zdravlje kostiju i prevenciju nastanka osteoporoze. Na osnovu dostupnih informacija, najbolji efekatat na održavanje i stimulaciju formiranja mineralne gustine kostiju ima kombinacija dinamičkih vežbi sa otporom koje angažuju više zglobova, velike mišićne grupe, i opterećuju kičmu i kukove. Rezultati ukazuju da vežbe koje opterećuju telo u uzdužnoj osi, kao što su trčanje, skokovi, kao i vežbe snage, dovode do najvećih efekata na mineralnu gustinu kostiju. Dakle, trening treba da bude usmeren na adaptaciju specifičnog dela tela koji je najpodložniji povredama, i treba da bude dovoljno intenzivan i da prevazilazi uobičajena opterećenja.
Ključne reči: koštani sistem, vežbanje, osteoporoza
Reference
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