Stabilnost i neurotoksični uticaj organofosfatnih pesticida u vodenim sredinama
Sažetak
Uvod/cilj: Organofosfati danas imaju široku primenu. Koriste se kao pesticidi, lekovi, plastifikatori, usporivači plamena ili hemijski bojni agensi. Njihova akutna toksičnost se pripisuje inhibiciji acetilholinesteraze (AChE), ključnog enzima u prenosu nervnih impulsa kod životinja. Toksični efekti se manifestuju akumulacijom acetilholina u nervnim sinapsama i mogu dovesti do paralize ili smrti. Organotiofosfatni (OF) pesticidi se koriste u velikim količinama. Njihovi oksoanalozi se takođe mogu naći u životnoj sredini usled oksidacije. Kada se akumuliraju u životnoj sredini, ispoljavaju toksične efekte na neciljane organizme.
Metode: Sistematski je analizirana hidroliza OF pesticida u različitim pH uslovima, pri čemu su procenjena njihova neuro- toksična dejstva. Koncentracija ispitivanih OF pesticida tokom razlaganja praćena je tečnom hromatografijom ultra-performanse (UPLC). Istovremeno, primećeno je smanjenje toksičnosti tretiranih uzoraka merenjem aktivnosti enzima AChE.
Rezultati: Organotiofosfatni pesticidi se brzo razlažu u alkalnim vodenim rastvorima, ali su veoma stabilni u kiselim rastvorima. Hlorpirifos se hidrolizuje najbrže, a dimetoat najsporije. Toksičnost rastvora ovih OF pesticida se vremenom smanjuje, što ukazuje na to da se toksičniji proizvodi nisu formirali.
Zaključak: Prikazani rezultati mogu pružiti dobru osnovu za dalje napore u pronalaženju jednostavnih i efikasnih metoda za razgradnju OF pesticida.
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