Optimizacija popravke zavarenih cevovoda sa površinskim pukotinama pomoću kompozitnog omota zasnovana na metodi konačnih elemenata: uticaj geometrije, svojstava adheziva i unutrašnjeg pritiska na ponašanje pukotine u modu I
Sažetak
Uvod/cilj: Strukturni integritet cevovoda pod pritiskom često je ugrožen pojavom površinskih pukotina, naročito u zavarenim zonama. Ovaj rad ispituje efikasnost ojačanja kompozitnim omotom pri sanaciji dužinskih polueliptičnih pukotina u zavarenim čeličnim cevovodima izloženim unutrašnjem pritisku. Iako uticaji okoline poput temperature, vlage i hemijskog dejstva nisu modelovani, isti su prepoznati kao ključni faktori koji utiču na dugoročnu izdržljivost kompozitnih popravki.
Metode: Razvijen je trodimenzionalni model konačnih elemenata za zavareni cevovod (spoljašnji prečnik = 1016 mm, debljina = 12,8 mm) sa spoljašnjom polueliptičnom pukotinom (2c = 10,24 mm, a = 2,56 mm). Tehnika virtuelnog zatvaranja pukotine primenjena je za proračun faktora intenziteta napona u modu I pod dejstvom unutrašnjih pritisaka u opsegu od 2 do 12 MPa. Parametarskom analizom ispitan je uticaj dužine omota (100–400 mm), njegove debljine (6–12 mm) i obuhvatnog ugla oko cevi (30°–360°), kao i modula smicanja adheziva, njegove debljine i efekata odlepljivanja.
Rezultati: Povećanje dužine, debljine i obuhvatnog ugla omota dovelo je do smanjenja faktora intenziteta napona, čime je poboljšano ublažavanje oterećenja u vrhu pukotine. Veći modul smicanja adheziva poboljšao je prenos opterećenja na interfejsu, dok je prevelika debljina adhezivnog sloja smanjila efikasnost popravke. Lokalizovano odlepljivanje adheziva značajno je povećalo faktore intenziteta napona pod pritiskom, ukazujući na veliku osetljivost učinka popravke na kvalitet vezivanja lepka.
Zaključak: Rad pruža smernice za projektovanje i optimizaciju kompozitnih ojačanja pri sanaciji zavarenih cevovoda. Iako je u radu analiziran pravougaoni omot, buduća istraživanja bi trebalo da obuhvate alternativne geometrijske oblike u cilju smanjenja koncentracije opterećenja na ivicama, kao i da uzmu u obzir uticaje okoline i zamora materijala radi pouzdanije dugoročne procene.
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