SPECIFIČNOSTI I IZAZOVI U ISHRANI ADOLESCENATA

Ranka Konatar; Damir Peličić; Borko Maraš; Kenan Musić; Goran Miljanović

doi:10.5937/zdravzast53-52806

Ranka Konatar Stručna Medicinska Škola, Podgorica, Crna Gora
Damir Peličić Centar za Nauku, Klinički centar Crne Gore, Podgorica, Crna Gora; Univerzitet Crne Gore, Medicinski Fakultet, Podgorica, Crna Gora
Borko Maraš Stručna Medicinska Škola, Podgorica, Crna Gora
Kenan Musić Zavod za Hitnu Medicinsku Pomoć -Tuzi, Crna Gora
Goran Miljanović Akademija za primenjene studije Beograd, Odsek Visoke medicinske škole, Beograd, Republika Srbija

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/zdravzast53-52806

Ključne reči: adolescent, ishrana, fizička aktivnost, gojaznost, prevencija

Sažetak

Cilj ovog preglednog rada je da analizira specifičnosti ishrane adolescenata. Podaci su prikupljenji na osnovu pretraživanja sledećih baza podataka: PubMed, SCOPUS i Google scholar. Loše navike u ishrani adolescenata mogu dovesti do pojave zdravstvenih problema kao što su odloženo polno sazrevanje, osteoporoza, smanjenje u konačnoj telesnoj visini, hiperlipidemija, anemija, gojaznost, anoreksija, bulimija, karijes, a uravnotežena ishrana može da prevenira nastanak dugoročnih zdravstvenih problema kao što su karcinomi, ateroskleroza, moždani udar, osteoporoza,dijabetes, hipertenzija i dr. Procenjuje se da će između 25% i 58% adolescenata koji imaju prekomernu telesnu težinu postati odrasle osobe s prekomernom težinom, a između 24% i 90% gojaznih adolescenata će postati gojazne odrasle osobe. U brojnim radovima uočena je značajna povezanost između preskakanja doručka i veće učestalosti javljanja gojaznosti. Devojčice (26%) značajno češće preskaču doručak u odnosu na dečake (18%). Takođe, adolescenti koji preskaču doručak značajno češće jedu hranu visoke energetske gustine, što ih čini gladnijim i vodi prejedanju i gojaznosti. Preskakanje doručka može dovesti do rizičnih ponašanja, poput, konzumiranja alkohola, sedentarnog načina života, pušenja, nižeg nivoa obrazovanja i pojave simptoma depresije. Fizička neaktivnost je prisutna u nekim zemljama čak kod 50% mladih uzrasta 11-25 godina. Neophodna je edukacija adolescenata po pitanju zdravog načina ishrane i važnosti sprovođenja fizičke aktivnosti, ali je još važnije započeti sa ovom edukacijom od najranijeg uzrasta.

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