UTICAJ BIHEJVIORALNIH FAKTORA RIZIKA NA NEPLODNOST
Sažetak
Bihejvioralni faktori predstavljaju promenljive faktore rizika koji mogu uticati na pojavu brojnih stanja i bolesti, a podaci iz literature ukazuju da mogu imati negativan uticaj i na mogućnost začeća. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je bio da se kroz analizu naučnih radova prikaže doprinos bihejvioralnih faktora za razvoj neplodnosti kod oba pola i predlože preventivne mere. U istraživanju su pretražene sledeće baze podataka: MEDLINE, PubMed i KOBSON. Potom je urađena analiza prikupljenih podataka objavljenih kliničkih i drugih epidemioloških studija objavljenih u poslednjih 30 godina. Istraživanja pokazuju da ishrana bogata dijetnim vlaknima, omega-3 masnim kiselinama, biljnim proteinima, vitaminima i mineralima, pozitivno utiče na plodnost žena i muškaraca. S druge strane, ishrana bogata industrijski prerađenim namirnicama, trans mastima i rafinisanim ugljenim hidratima može negativno uticati na plodnost. Umerena fizička aktivnost pomaže u održavanju optimalnog indeksa telesne mase i poboljšanju fiziološke funkcije jajnika. Intenzivni sportovi, zbog uticaja na hipotalamo-hipofiznu osovinu, mogu dovesti do hipotalamusne amenoreje i posledične neplodnosti. Pušenje, zloupotreba alkohola i psihoaktivnih supstanci negativno utiču na plodnost i žena i muškaraca, kao i na razvoj ploda. Uravnotežena i zdrava ishrana, umerena fizička aktivnost, prevencija polno prenosivih bolesti, kao i dizajniranje i implementacija strategija za prevenciju neplodnosti, mogu doprineti boljem ishodu plodnosti i sigurnom materinstvu.
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