PROBIOTIČKA SUPLEMENTACIJA ZA RESTAURACIJU CREVNE MIKROBIOTE KOD NOVOROĐENČADI ROĐENIH CARSKIM REZOM
Sažetak
Rano uspostavljanje crevne mikrobiote novorođenčadi značajno je poremećeno kod dece rođene carskim rezom, uz karakteristično odsustvo korisnih anaerobnih bakterija i veći udeo oportunističkih mikroorganizama. Ova početna disbioza povezana je sa povećanim rizikom od alergija, infekcija i drugih imunoloških disbalansa. Probiotička suplementacija predstavlja strategiju za ispravljanje ovih poremećaja. Upotreba specifičnih sojeva, posebno iz rodova Lactobacillus i Bifidobacterium, može ubrzati kolonizaciju crevnom mikrobiotom koja je slična onoj kod dece rođene vaginalnim putem. Ovi probiotici moduliraju imunološki odgovor, smanjujući Th2 profil i podstičući antiinflamatorne signale, dok istovremeno jačaju intestinalnu barijeru i poboljšavaju produkciju kratkolančanih masnih kiselina. Klinički podaci ukazuju na pozitivne efekte, uključujući smanjenje gastrointestinalnih tegoba i incidencije nekrotizirajućeg enterokolitisa kod prevremeno rođene dece, kao i poboljšanje imunoloških markera. Mehanizmi delovanja obuhvataju konkurenciju za resurse, produkciju bakteriocina i interakciju sa imunim ćelijama. Iako postojeći dokazi podržavaju potencijal probiotika u obnovi mikrobiote, varijabilnost među studijama ističe potrebu za dugoročnim praćenjem i standardizovanim protokolima kako bi se potpuno procenili zdravstveni ishodi kod ove populacije.
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