Effect of Lead and Polychlorinated-biphenyls Mixture on Sperm Cells in Rats

Nikola Stojilković; Miodrag  Stojković; Marijana Ćurčić; Dragana Javorac; Aleksandra  Buha Djordjević; Aleksandra Stojanović; Aleksandra Zdravković; Tina Stojadinović; Djurdjica Marić; Katarina Baralić; Evica Antonijević Miljaković; Zorica Bulat; Biljana  Antonijević

Nikola Stojilković University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Miodrag Stojković SPEBO - Fertility Hospital
Marijana Ćurčić University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Dragana Javorac University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Aleksandra Buha Djordjević University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Aleksandra Stojanović SPEBO - Fertility Hospital
Aleksandra Zdravković SPEBO - Fertility Hospital
Tina Stojadinović SPEBO - Fertility Hospital
Djurdjica Marić University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Katarina Baralić University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Evica Antonijević Miljaković University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Zorica Bulat University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“
Biljana Antonijević University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology „Akademik Danilo Soldatović“

Abstract

Benchmark dose (BMD) approach extends the use of data and allows a quantification of the uncertainties and confirmation of the effect. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a mixture of lead (Pb) and polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) has any effect on sperm cells, and whether these effects are dose dependent. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the approval of Ethical Committee No. 323-07-11822/2018-05. Male Wistar rats were exposed to the mixture of Pb and PCBs by oral gavage for 28 days. Doses od Pb in mixture were 0.1 mg/kg/day, 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1 mg/kg/day, while doses of PCBs in mixture were 0.25 mg/kg/day, 0.5 mg/kg/day, and 1 mg/kg/day respectively. Rats were anesthetized by the combination of ketamine/xylazine. Through the scrotum section, the right testis and epididymis were collected, while sperm cells were taken from the cauda of epididymis by diffusion in saline solution at 37°C. Sperm motililty was determined by the light microscope. The aliquot of the sperm cells was fixated with the combination of formalin in the phosphate buffer and used for morphology and concentration sperm analysis. The benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL40) of 0.00013 mg/kg/day was derived for the sperm motility effect of Pb and PCBs as co-variant. From our results, we can conclude that the mortality was the most sensitive parameter. This value is also one of the lowest BMDL for Pb, which can lead to conclusion that PCBs increase the potency of Pb toxicity.