SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SPINOSAD WITH SELECTED BOTANICAL POWDERS AS BIO-RATIONAL INSECTICIDE AGAINST ADULT TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRONIDAE)
Sažetak
Synergistic effect of spinosad with three botanical (Aframomum melegueta, Eugenia aromatica and Piper guineense) powders were investigated as biorational insecticides against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infesting melon (Citrullus lanatus) seed. Treatments included sole application of each botanical (50 g/ kg melon seed), sole application of spinosad (SASp) (1.0 g/ kg), mixture of spinosad (0.5 g/kg) + botanical powders (25 g/kg) and an untreated control. Data were collected on tenebronid mortality rate (%) (PM) and melon seed weight loss rate in % (PWL). Phytochemical analysis of the botanicals was also carried out. At 3 -14 days after treatment (DAT), PM observed in melon seeds treated with SASp (90.00-100.00%) was not significantly (p>0.05) different from PM observed in melon treated with spinosad + E. aromatica powder (86.67-100.00%) and spinosad + P. guineense powder (85.00-100.00%). PWL observed in melon seeds treated with spinosad + botanical powders (1.17-1.40%) was not significantly different from PWL observed in seeds treated with SASp (0.42%), but significantly lower than PWL (3.28%) observed in melon seed treated with sole application of A. melegueta powder. P. guineense powder had the highest alkaloid (868.33 mg/100 g), tannins (550.00 mg/100 g), phenolics (53.57 GAE/g), and steroids (740.00 mg/100 g), E. aromatica had the highest flavonoids (1466.67 mg/100 g), terpenoids (1276 mg/100 g) and cardiac glycosides (7.33 mg/100 g), while A. melegueta had the highest saponins (376.67 mg/100 g). Combination of spinosad with P. guineense or E. aromatica powder performed better than combination with A. melegueta and is therefore recommended as a biorational approach for the control of T. castaneum.
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