ANALIZA SEDAM INDIREKTNIH METODA ZA PRORAČUN REFERENTNE EVAPOTRANSPIRACIJE U KLIMATSKIM USLOVIMA SRBIJE

Dženita F Idrizović; Gordana S Matović; Enika N Gregorić; Ružica J Stričević

Dženita F Idrizović Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Odsek za melioracije zemljišta
Gordana S Matović Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Odsek za melioracije zemljišta
Enika N Gregorić Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Odsek za melioracije zemljišta
Ružica J Stričević Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Odsek za melioracije zemljišta

Abstract

Za izračunavanje potreba za vodom polјoprivrednih kultura neophodno je imati uvid u proces evapotranspiracije. Metoda Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM), koja je od strane Međunarodne komisije za navodnjavanje i odvodnjavanje (ICID) i Organizacije Ujedinjenih Nacija za ishranu i polјoprivredu (FAO) predložena za proračun referentne evapotranspiracije (ETo), zahteva poznavanje više klimatskih parametara, koji često nisu dostupni. Zato su u ovom radu testirane metode za proračun ETo koje koriste manji broj podataka i poređene sa FAO56-PM. Izabrane su metode koje su najčešće korišćene kao zamena za FAO56-PM: Hargreaves, modifikovani Hargreaves, Copais, Turc, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink i Hamon. Proračun je rađen na dnevnom i prosečnom mesečnom nivou, za period 2010-2013. godine, na stanicama: Niš, Beograd, Novi Sad, Loznica, Valjevo, Zlatibor, Ćuprija i Kikinda. Poseban značaj dat je vegetacionom periodu tokom sušne godine, interesantnom sa aspekta primene navodnjavanja. Upoređivanje metoda rađeno je na osnovu statističke analize, pri čemu su korišćeni parametri: MXE, MAE, RMSD, ARMSD, WRMSD, b i R². Najbolje slaganje sa FAO-PM metodom na prosečnom mesečnom nivou, kao i u letnjem periodu 2012. godine, pokazale su Copais, Turc i Priestley-Taylor metoda, pa se one mogu preporučiti kao zamena za FAO56-PM metodu, u našim klimatskim uslovima. Kada su poznati samo podaci o temperaturi vazduha, rezultati dobijeni u ovom istraživanju opravdavaju upotrebu modifikovane Hargreaves metode za proračun ETo u toku vegetacionog perioda.

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