Stimulation of seeds by low frequency electromagnetic field on some properties of soybean
Keywords:
soybeans; pulsed electromagnetic field; mass of 1000 grains; yield
Abstract
The development of science and technology leads to the creation of new approaches in crop breeding and various methods to encourage increased plant productivity. One of the latest methods is the implementation of an environmentally acceptable technique of using a pulsed low frequency electromagnetic field (PEMP). The paper presents the results of the influence of electromagnetic stimulation of soybean seeds on the number of grains per plant, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield in different agroecological conditions. Soybeans occupy an important place in terms of human and animal nutrition, because soybean seeds are rich in oil, protein and fat. In a three-year study in the period from 2013-2015, the soybean variety Valjevka was used, grown with different amounts of organic granular poultry fertilizer formulation 4: 4: 4 (control - without fertilization, 750 kg.ha-1 i 1300 kg.ha-1). Before sowing, the seeds have been subjected to the stimulation of low frequency electromagnetic field (PEMF) in the following configurations: control - without stimulation and stimulation alternating magnetic field (PEMF) with the induction of 30 mT and exposure time of 15 min. It was found that the variability of the examined parameters depended on all three factors at a statistically significant level of 1%. At the same time, the values of the examined parameters were the highest in 2014 in relation to 2013 and 2015 (except for the mass of grain per plant, which was the highest in 2013) during fertilization of 1300 kg.ha-1 and stimulation of seeds with PEMP. The average number of grains during seed stimulation was 32.64% (77.82) higher than without PEMP (58.67). The weight of 1000 grains with PEMP was 155.99 g, which was 2.06% more than the variant without PEMP (152.83 g). The average yield of soybean grain for all three years of research with seed stimulation was 4.85% (3481.25 kg.ha-1) higher than without PEMP (3320,14 kg.ha-1). Stimulation of seeds with PEMP has economic justification, given the growth of soybean prices on the world stock market. The results suggest that PEMP treatment of soybean seeds has the potential in quality, safe and high-yield production and to counteract the adverse effects such as drought and the lack of fertilizer.
References
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Broszkiewicz, A., Detyn,a J., Bujak, H. (2018). Influence of the magnetic field on the germination process of Tosca Bean Seeds Phaseolus vulgaris L., Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 77, 103-116 (in print).
Bullard, E. C., Freedman, C., Gellman, H., Nixon, Jo. (1950). “The Westward Drift of the Earth's Magnetic Field”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 243(859), 67-92.
Cakmak, T., Cakmak, Z. E., Dumlupinar, R. & Tekinay, T. (2012). Analysis of apoplastic and symplastic antioxidant system in shallot leaves: impacts of weak static electric and magnetic field. J Plant Physiol. 169, 1066–1073 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.011
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Cvijanović, M., Đukić, V. (2020). Application of biophysical in sustanable soybean production. Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the Republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the Danube region. Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, 339-356.
da Silva, J. A., Dobránszki, J. (2016). Magnetic fields: how is plant growth and development impacted? Protoplasma. 253 (2), 231-48. doi: 10.1007/s00709-015-0820-7
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Đukić, V., Balešević-Tubić, S., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, G., Đorđević, V., & Cvijanović, M. (2014). Soybean production and a possibility to economize the use of mineral fertilizers. Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 51(3), 161-165.
Đukić V., Balešević-Tubić Svetlana, Đorđević V., Tatić M., Dozet Gordana, Jaćimović G., Petrović Kristina (2011): Prinos i semenski kvalitet soje u zavisnosti od uslova godine. Rat Pov/Field Veg Crop Res. 48(1): 137-142.
Đukić, V., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, M., Marinković, J., Cvijanović, G., Tatić, M. (2018). Uticaj vremena osnovne obrade zemljišta na masu 1000 zrna soje, Radovi sa XXXII savetovanja agronoma, veterinara, tehnologa i agroekonomista. 24 (1-2), 93-100.
Đukić, V., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, M., Tatić, M., Miladinović, J., Balešević-Tubić, S. (2017). Pulsed electromagnetic field – a cultivation practice used to increase soybean seed germination and yield, Žemdirbyste Agriculture, 104 (4), 345-352.
Es’kov, E.K., Darkov, A. V. (2003). Consequences of high-intensity magnetic effects on the early growth processes in plant seeds and the development of honeybees, Biol. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., 30, 512–516, DOI: 10.1023/A:1025858905362
Florez, M., Carbonell, M. V., Martinez, E. (2007). Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: effects on germination and early growth. Environ. Exp. Bot. 59, 68–75. 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.10.006
Galland, P., Pazur, A. (2005). Magnetoreception in plants. J Plant Res. 118, 371–389.
Grewal, H. S., Maheshwari, B. L., (2011). Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings., Bioelectromagnetics, 32, 58–65, DOI: 10.1002/bem.20615.
Islam, M., Maffei, M. E., Vigani G. (2020). The geomagnetic field is a contributing factor for an efficient iron uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front. Plant Sci. 11, 325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00325
Jarayam, S., Castle, G. S., Margaritis, A. (1991). Effects of high electric field pulses on Lactobacillus Brevis at elevated temperatures, in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting. 674–681.
Karimi, S., Hojati, S., Eshghi, S., Moghaddam, R. N., Jandoust, S. (2012). Magnetic exposure improves tolerance of fig ‘Sabz’ explants to drought stressinduced in vitro. Sci Hortic, 137, 95–99.
Kataria, S., Baghel, L., Guruprasad, K. N. (2017). Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field improves germination and early growth characteristics under salt stress in maize and soybean. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 10, 83- 90.
Lewandowska, S., Kozak, M. (2017). Current situation of seed production in the south western part of Poland, In: Agricultura-Scientia-Prosperitas. Seed and Seedlings. Proceedings Papers, 267–272.
Lewandowska, S., Michalak, I., Niemczyk, K., Detyna, J., Bujak, H. and Arik, P. (2019). Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds, Open Chemistry, 17 (1), 516-525. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0039
Maffei, M. E. (2014). Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 445, doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00445
Milošev, D., Šeremešić, S. (2005). Uticaj pulsirajućeg elektromagnetnog polja na masu 1000 zrna i broj zrna po klasu ozime pšenice, Zbornik radova, Sveska 41, Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad; 269-274.
Moon, J., Chung, H. (2000). Acceleration of germination of tomato seeds by applying AC electric and magnetic fields. Journal of Electrostatics, 48, 103-114.
Moussa, H. (2011). The impact of magnetic water application for improving common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, New York Sci. J., 4, 15–20.
Nair, R. M., Leelapriya, T., Dhilip, K. S., Boddepalli, V. N., Ledesma, D. R. (2018). Beneficial effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) sinusoidal magnetic field (SMF) exposure on mineral and protein content of mungbean seeds and sprouts. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52 (2), 126-132.
Negishi, Y., Hashimoto, A., Tsushima, M., Dobrota, C., Yamashita, M., Nakamura, T. (1999). Growth of pea epicotyl in low magnetic field - implication for space research. Adv. Space Res., 23 (12), 2029-2032.
Nikolić, Z., Petrović, G., Ignjatov, M., Milošević, D., Jovičić, D., Tamindžić, G. (2019). Genetically modified crops and food, Hrana i Ishrana, 60 (1), 1-4, DOI:10.5937/hraIsh1901001N
Payez, A., Ghanati, F., Behmanesh, M., Abdolmaleki, P., Hajnorouzi, A., Rajabbeigi, E. (2013). Increase of seed germination, growth and membrane integrity of wheat seedlings by exposure to static and a 10-KHz electromagnetic field. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32, 417–429. 10.3109/15368378.2012.735625
Pietruszewski, S., Muszyñski, S., Dziwulska, A. (2007). Electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation as non-invasive external stimulants for seeds (selected methods and responses), Int. Agrophysics, 21, 95-100.
Radhakrishnan, R. (2019). Magnetic field regulates plant functions, growth and enhances tolerance against environmental stresses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 25(5), 1107-1119. doi: 10.1007/s12298-019-00699-9.
Radhakrishnan, R., Kumari, Ranjitha, B. (2012). Pulsed magnetic field: A contemporary approach offers to enhance plant growth and yield of soybean. Plant Physiol Bioch; 51, 139-144.
Radhakrishnan, R., Ranjitha-Kumari, B. D. (2013). Protective role of pulsed magnetic field against salt stress effects in soybean organ culture. Plant Biosyst. 147 (1), 135–140.
Sarraf, M., Kataria, S., Taimourya, H., Santos, Lucielen, O., Menegatti, D. R., Jain, M., Ihtisham, M., Liu, S. (2021). Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview, Plants, 9, 1139; doi:10.3390/plants9091139
Sen, A., Alikamanoglu, S. (2014). Effects of static magnetic field pretreatment with and without PEG 6000 or NaCl exposure on wheat biochemical parameters. Russ J Plant Physiol. 61 (5), 646–655.
Shabrangy, A., Ghatak, A., Zhang, S., Priller, A., Chaturvedi, P., Weckwerth, W. (2021). Magnetic Field Induced Changes in the Shoot and Root Proteome of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Front Plant Sci. 12: 622795. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.622795
Shine, M. B., Guruprasad, K. N. & Anand, A. (2012). Effect of Stationary Magnetic Field Strengths of 150 and 200 mT on Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Soybean. Bioelectromagnetics 33, 428–437.
Smith, S. D., McLeod, B. R., Liboff, A. R. (1993). Effect of CR-tuned 60 Hz magnetic fields on sprouting and early growth of Raphanus Sativus, Bioelectrochem Bionerg, 32, 67-76.
Stankovic, M., Cvijanovic, M., & Dukic, V. (2016). Ecological importance of electrical devices innovative in the process of anti Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Economics of Agriculture, 3, 861–870 DOI:10.5937/ekoPolj1603861S
Sujak, A., Dziwulska-Hunek, A., Reszczyńska, E. (2013). Effect of Electromagnetic Stimulation on Selected Fabaceae Plants, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 22, 3, 893-898.
Sukhov, V., Sukhova, E., Sinitsyna, Y., Gromova, E., Mshenskaya, N., Ryabkova, A., Lin, N., Vodeneev, V., Маreev, E., Price, C. (2021). Influence of Magnetic Field with Schumann Resonance Frequencies on Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Wheat and Pea. Cells. 10 (1), 149. doi: 10.3390/cells10010149
Toleikiene, M., Slepetys, J., Sarunaite, L., Lazauskas, S., Deveikyte, I., Kadziuliene, Z. (2021). Soybean Development and Productivity in Response to Organic Management above the Northern Boundary of Soybean Distribution in Europe. Agronomy, 11, 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy11020214
Vasilevski, G. (2003). Perspectives of the application of biophysical methods in sustainable agriculture. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology (Special Issue), 179-186.
Young, V. R. (1991). Soy protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 91, 828–835.
Abdollahi, F., Niknam, V., Ghanati, F., Masroor, F., Noorbakhsh, S. N. (2012). Biological effects ofweak electromagnetic field on healthy and infected lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees with phytoplasma. Sci World J. 1–6.
Anand, A., Nagarajan, S., Verma, A. P., Joshi, D. K., Pathak, P. C., Bhardwaj, J. (2012). Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field ameliorates soil water stress in seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.) Indian J Biochem Biophys. 49 (1), 63–70.
Araujo, Sde, S., Paparella, S., Dondi, D., Bentivoglio, A., Carbonera, D., Balestrazzi, A. (2016). Physical methods for seed invigoration: advantages and challenges in seed technology. Front. Plant Sci. 7:646. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00646
Bilalis, D., Katsenios, N., Efthimiadou, A., Efthimiadis, P., Karkanis, A., Khah, M., Mitsis, T. (2013). Magnetic field pre-sowing treatment as an organic friendly technique to promote plant growth and chemical elements accumulation in early stages of cotton. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 7 (1), 46-50.
Broszkiewicz, A., Detyn,a J., Bujak, H. (2018). Influence of the magnetic field on the germination process of Tosca Bean Seeds Phaseolus vulgaris L., Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 77, 103-116 (in print).
Bullard, E. C., Freedman, C., Gellman, H., Nixon, Jo. (1950). “The Westward Drift of the Earth's Magnetic Field”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 243(859), 67-92.
Cakmak, T., Cakmak, Z. E., Dumlupinar, R. & Tekinay, T. (2012). Analysis of apoplastic and symplastic antioxidant system in shallot leaves: impacts of weak static electric and magnetic field. J Plant Physiol. 169, 1066–1073 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.011
Cvijanović, G., Đukić, V., Cvijanović, M., Cvijanović, V., Dozet, G., Đurić, N., Stepić, V. (2019), Importance of foliar treatment of soybeas in different agroecological conditions on grain yield oil content, 79-86, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334132441
Cvijanović, M., Đukić, V. (2020). Application of biophysical in sustanable soybean production. Sustainable agriculture and rural development in terms of the Republic of Serbia strategic goals realization within the Danube region. Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, 339-356.
da Silva, J. A., Dobránszki, J. (2016). Magnetic fields: how is plant growth and development impacted? Protoplasma. 253 (2), 231-48. doi: 10.1007/s00709-015-0820-7
Dorff, E. (2007). The soybean, agriculture’s jack-of-trades, is gaining ground across Canada, Can. Agric. a Glance. Stat. Canada, 96-325-XIE, 1–13.
Đukić, V., Balešević-Tubić, S., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, G., Đorđević, V., & Cvijanović, M. (2014). Soybean production and a possibility to economize the use of mineral fertilizers. Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 51(3), 161-165.
Đukić V., Balešević-Tubić Svetlana, Đorđević V., Tatić M., Dozet Gordana, Jaćimović G., Petrović Kristina (2011): Prinos i semenski kvalitet soje u zavisnosti od uslova godine. Rat Pov/Field Veg Crop Res. 48(1): 137-142.
Đukić, V., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, M., Marinković, J., Cvijanović, G., Tatić, M. (2018). Uticaj vremena osnovne obrade zemljišta na masu 1000 zrna soje, Radovi sa XXXII savetovanja agronoma, veterinara, tehnologa i agroekonomista. 24 (1-2), 93-100.
Đukić, V., Miladinov, Z., Dozet, G., Cvijanović, M., Tatić, M., Miladinović, J., Balešević-Tubić, S. (2017). Pulsed electromagnetic field – a cultivation practice used to increase soybean seed germination and yield, Žemdirbyste Agriculture, 104 (4), 345-352.
Es’kov, E.K., Darkov, A. V. (2003). Consequences of high-intensity magnetic effects on the early growth processes in plant seeds and the development of honeybees, Biol. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., 30, 512–516, DOI: 10.1023/A:1025858905362
Florez, M., Carbonell, M. V., Martinez, E. (2007). Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: effects on germination and early growth. Environ. Exp. Bot. 59, 68–75. 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.10.006
Galland, P., Pazur, A. (2005). Magnetoreception in plants. J Plant Res. 118, 371–389.
Grewal, H. S., Maheshwari, B. L., (2011). Magnetic treatment of irrigation water and snow pea and chickpea seeds enhances early growth and nutrient contents of seedlings., Bioelectromagnetics, 32, 58–65, DOI: 10.1002/bem.20615.
Islam, M., Maffei, M. E., Vigani G. (2020). The geomagnetic field is a contributing factor for an efficient iron uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front. Plant Sci. 11, 325. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00325
Jarayam, S., Castle, G. S., Margaritis, A. (1991). Effects of high electric field pulses on Lactobacillus Brevis at elevated temperatures, in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting. 674–681.
Karimi, S., Hojati, S., Eshghi, S., Moghaddam, R. N., Jandoust, S. (2012). Magnetic exposure improves tolerance of fig ‘Sabz’ explants to drought stressinduced in vitro. Sci Hortic, 137, 95–99.
Kataria, S., Baghel, L., Guruprasad, K. N. (2017). Pre-treatment of seeds with static magnetic field improves germination and early growth characteristics under salt stress in maize and soybean. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 10, 83- 90.
Lewandowska, S., Kozak, M. (2017). Current situation of seed production in the south western part of Poland, In: Agricultura-Scientia-Prosperitas. Seed and Seedlings. Proceedings Papers, 267–272.
Lewandowska, S., Michalak, I., Niemczyk, K., Detyna, J., Bujak, H. and Arik, P. (2019). Influence of the Static Magnetic Field and Algal Extract on the Germination of Soybean Seeds, Open Chemistry, 17 (1), 516-525. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0039
Maffei, M. E. (2014). Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 445, doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00445
Milošev, D., Šeremešić, S. (2005). Uticaj pulsirajućeg elektromagnetnog polja na masu 1000 zrna i broj zrna po klasu ozime pšenice, Zbornik radova, Sveska 41, Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad; 269-274.
Moon, J., Chung, H. (2000). Acceleration of germination of tomato seeds by applying AC electric and magnetic fields. Journal of Electrostatics, 48, 103-114.
Moussa, H. (2011). The impact of magnetic water application for improving common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, New York Sci. J., 4, 15–20.
Nair, R. M., Leelapriya, T., Dhilip, K. S., Boddepalli, V. N., Ledesma, D. R. (2018). Beneficial effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) sinusoidal magnetic field (SMF) exposure on mineral and protein content of mungbean seeds and sprouts. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 52 (2), 126-132.
Negishi, Y., Hashimoto, A., Tsushima, M., Dobrota, C., Yamashita, M., Nakamura, T. (1999). Growth of pea epicotyl in low magnetic field - implication for space research. Adv. Space Res., 23 (12), 2029-2032.
Nikolić, Z., Petrović, G., Ignjatov, M., Milošević, D., Jovičić, D., Tamindžić, G. (2019). Genetically modified crops and food, Hrana i Ishrana, 60 (1), 1-4, DOI:10.5937/hraIsh1901001N
Payez, A., Ghanati, F., Behmanesh, M., Abdolmaleki, P., Hajnorouzi, A., Rajabbeigi, E. (2013). Increase of seed germination, growth and membrane integrity of wheat seedlings by exposure to static and a 10-KHz electromagnetic field. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 32, 417–429. 10.3109/15368378.2012.735625
Pietruszewski, S., Muszyñski, S., Dziwulska, A. (2007). Electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation as non-invasive external stimulants for seeds (selected methods and responses), Int. Agrophysics, 21, 95-100.
Radhakrishnan, R. (2019). Magnetic field regulates plant functions, growth and enhances tolerance against environmental stresses. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 25(5), 1107-1119. doi: 10.1007/s12298-019-00699-9.
Radhakrishnan, R., Kumari, Ranjitha, B. (2012). Pulsed magnetic field: A contemporary approach offers to enhance plant growth and yield of soybean. Plant Physiol Bioch; 51, 139-144.
Radhakrishnan, R., Ranjitha-Kumari, B. D. (2013). Protective role of pulsed magnetic field against salt stress effects in soybean organ culture. Plant Biosyst. 147 (1), 135–140.
Sarraf, M., Kataria, S., Taimourya, H., Santos, Lucielen, O., Menegatti, D. R., Jain, M., Ihtisham, M., Liu, S. (2021). Magnetic Field (MF) Applications in Plants: An Overview, Plants, 9, 1139; doi:10.3390/plants9091139
Sen, A., Alikamanoglu, S. (2014). Effects of static magnetic field pretreatment with and without PEG 6000 or NaCl exposure on wheat biochemical parameters. Russ J Plant Physiol. 61 (5), 646–655.
Shabrangy, A., Ghatak, A., Zhang, S., Priller, A., Chaturvedi, P., Weckwerth, W. (2021). Magnetic Field Induced Changes in the Shoot and Root Proteome of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Front Plant Sci. 12: 622795. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.622795
Shine, M. B., Guruprasad, K. N. & Anand, A. (2012). Effect of Stationary Magnetic Field Strengths of 150 and 200 mT on Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Soybean. Bioelectromagnetics 33, 428–437.
Smith, S. D., McLeod, B. R., Liboff, A. R. (1993). Effect of CR-tuned 60 Hz magnetic fields on sprouting and early growth of Raphanus Sativus, Bioelectrochem Bionerg, 32, 67-76.
Stankovic, M., Cvijanovic, M., & Dukic, V. (2016). Ecological importance of electrical devices innovative in the process of anti Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Economics of Agriculture, 3, 861–870 DOI:10.5937/ekoPolj1603861S
Sujak, A., Dziwulska-Hunek, A., Reszczyńska, E. (2013). Effect of Electromagnetic Stimulation on Selected Fabaceae Plants, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 22, 3, 893-898.
Sukhov, V., Sukhova, E., Sinitsyna, Y., Gromova, E., Mshenskaya, N., Ryabkova, A., Lin, N., Vodeneev, V., Маreev, E., Price, C. (2021). Influence of Magnetic Field with Schumann Resonance Frequencies on Photosynthetic Light Reactions in Wheat and Pea. Cells. 10 (1), 149. doi: 10.3390/cells10010149
Toleikiene, M., Slepetys, J., Sarunaite, L., Lazauskas, S., Deveikyte, I., Kadziuliene, Z. (2021). Soybean Development and Productivity in Response to Organic Management above the Northern Boundary of Soybean Distribution in Europe. Agronomy, 11, 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ agronomy11020214
Vasilevski, G. (2003). Perspectives of the application of biophysical methods in sustainable agriculture. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology (Special Issue), 179-186.
Young, V. R. (1991). Soy protein in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 91, 828–835.
Published
2021/12/28
Section
Original Scientific Paper