IN VITRO SENSITIVITY OF COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM FROM STRAWBERRY TO FUNGICIDES WITH DIFFERENT MODES OF ACTION

Nađa Milutinović; Milan Stević; Uroš Vojinović; Tanja Vasić; Maja Živanović; Staša Koprivica

Nađa Milutinović Univerzitet u Beogradu - Poljoprivredni fakultet
Milan Stević University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture
Uroš Vojinović University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture
Tanja Vasić University of Nis, Faculty of Agriculture, Kruševac
Maja Živanović University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture
Staša Koprivica University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture

Keywords: fungicide sensitivity, anthracnose, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl

Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by the species Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds, is one of the most important and devastating disease in strawberry production. The pathogen are effectively controlled by the fungicides, thus their application is necessary for achieving high yield and fruits quality. Sensitivity of 14 isolates of C. acutatum, collected from strawberry plants in Serbia, to four selected fungicides, was investigated in this study. The commercial formulation of tebuconazole, fludioxonil, prochloraz and thiophanate-methyl were used for sensitivity test. In vitro fungicide sensitivity was evaluated using mycelial growth assay method. The tested isolates were very sensitive to prochloraz and fludioxonil, with mean EC₅₀ values of 0.067±0.062 mg L^-1and 0.093±0.043 mg L^-1, respectively. Significantly higher mean EC₅₀values were observed for tebuconazole (1.473±0.878 mg L^-1) and thiophanate-methyl (1.718±1.592 mg L^-1). Toxicity of examined fungicides in mycelial growth assay of C. acutatum isolates, indicates their potential implementation in the anthracnose disease management strategy of strawberry.

Author Biographies

Milan Stević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture

Full Professor

Uroš Vojinović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture

Assistent

Tanja Vasić, University of Nis, Faculty of Agriculture, Kruševac

Assitent Professor

Maja Živanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture

PhD student

Staša Koprivica, University of Belgrade, Faculty of agriculture

Msc student

References

Anonymous (2022): from https://data.stat.gov.rs/Home/Result/130102?languageCode=sr-Cyrl&displayMode=table&guid=e4c4bbb6-b849-4c53-9f9c-5df9a4a60668

Baggio, S. J., Wang, N. Y., Peres, A. N., & Amorim, L. (2018). Baseline sensitivity of Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from Brazilian strawberry fields to azoxystrobin, difenoconazole and thiophanate-methyl. Tropical Plant Pathology.

Bernstein, B., Zehr, E. I., Dean, R. A., & Shabi, E. (1995). Characteristics of Colletotrichum from peach, apple, pecan, and other hosts. Plant Disease, 79, 478-482.

Cannon, P. F., Damm, U., Johnston, P. R., & Weir, B. S. (2012). Colletotrichum–current status and future directions. Studies in mycology, 73, 181-213.

Cao, X., Xu, X., Che, H., West, S. J., & Luo, D. (2017). Distribution and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Complexes from Rubber Tree in Hainan, China. Plant Disease, 101(10), 1774-1780.

Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Woudenberg, J. H. C., & Crous, P.W. (2012). The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in mycology, 73, 37-113.

Daugovish, O., Su, H., & Gubler, W. D. (2009). Preplant fungicide dips of strawberry transplants to control anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in California. HortTechnology, 19, 317-323.

Dekker, J. (1995): Development of resistance to modern fungicides and strategies for its avoidence. In: Modern selective fungicides, (Ed. Lyr H.). Second revised and enlarged edition. Gustav Fisher Verlag-Jena-Stuttgart-NY, pp. 23-38.

Dhingra, O. D., & Sinclair, J. B. (1995). Basic Plant Pathology Methods, second edition. CRC Press, INc.,Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Dowling, M., Peres, N., Villani, S., & Schnabel, G. (2020). Managing Colletotrichum on fruit crops: A “complex” challenge. Plant Disease, 104 (9), 2301-2316.

Forcelini, B. B., Seijo, T. E., Amiri, A., & Peres, N. A. (2016). Resistance in strawberry isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from Florida to quinoneoutside inhibitor fungicides. Plant Disease, 100, 2050-2056.

Forcelini, B. B. & Peres, N. A. (2018). Widespread resistance to QoI Fungicides of Colletotrichum acutatum from strawberry nurseries and production fields. Plant Health Progress, 19, 338–341.

FRAC, (2022). FRAC Code List^®2021. Fungal control agents sorted by cross resistance pattern and mode of action (including coding for FRAC Groups on product labels). From: https://www.frac.info/docs/default-source/publications/frac-code-list/frac-code-list-2021--final.pdf?sfvrsn=f7ec499a_2

Freeman, S. & Katan, T. (1997). Identification of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose and root necrosis of strawberry in Israel. Phytopathology, 87, 516–521.

Gao, Y., He, L., Mu, W., Li, B., Lin, J., & Liu, F. (2018). Assessment of the baseline sensitivity and resistance risk of Colletotrichum acutatum to fludioxonil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 150 (3), 639-651.

Gouot, J. M. (1994). Characteristics and Population Dinamics of Botrytis cinerea and Other Pathogens Resistant to Dicarboximides. In: Fungicide Resistant in North America. (Ed. Delp, C.J.), The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 53-55.

Greer, L. A., Harper, J. D. I., Savocchia, S., Samuelian, S. K., & Steel, C. C. (2011). Ripe rot of south-eastern Australian wine grapes is caused by two species of Colletotrichum: C.acutatum and C. gloeosporioides with differences in infection and fungicide sensitivity. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 17, 123-128.

He, L., Xiaoxy, L., Yangyang, G., Beixing, L., Wei, M. & Feng, L. (2019). Characterization and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from Different Hosts in Shandong, China. Plant Disease, 103, 34-43.

Howard, C. M., Maas, J. L., Chandler, C. K., & Albregts, E. E. (1992). Anthracnose of strawberry caused by the Colletotrichum complex in Florida. Plant Disease, 76, 976-981.

Ivanovic, S. M., Duduk, B. B., Ivanovic, M. M., i Ivanovic, S. M. (2007). Nova bolest jagode u Srbiji. Biljni lekar, 5, 491- 498.

LaMondia, J. A. (1995). Inhibition with benomyl to growth in vitro of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. fragariae and strawberry fruit infection by benomyl-resistant isolates of C. acutatum. Advances in Strawberry Research, 14, 25–30.

Mertely, J. C., Forcelini, B. B., & Peres, N. A. (2017a.). Root necrosis of strawberry caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL. https:// edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PP/PP12800.pdf

Mertely, J. C., Forcelini, B. B., & Peres, N. A. (2017b.). Anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp130

Milivojević, J. (2018). Posebnovoćarstvo 3 – Jagodaste voćke. Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet. (532 str.).

Smith, B. J. & Black, L. L. (1992). In vitro activity of fungicides against Colletotrichum fragariae. Acta Horticulturae, 348, 509–512.

Smith, B. J. & Black, L. L. (1993). In vitro fungicide studies show the occurrence of benomyl-resistant Colletotrichum spp. from strawberry. Advances in Strawberry Research, 12, 42–48.

Smith, B. J. (2002). Susceptibility of vegetative tissues of fruit and vegetable hosts to infection by various Colletotrichum species. Acta Horticulturae, 567, 631-634.

Smith, B. J. (2008). Epidemiology and pathology of strawberry anthracnose: A North American perspective. HortScience, 43, 69-73.

Turechek, W. W., Peres, N. A. & Werner, N. A. (2006). Pre- and post-infection activity of pyraclostrobin for control of anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Disease, 90, 862-868.

Zhang, C. Q., Liu, Y. H., Wu, H. M., Xu, B. C., Sun, P. L., & Xu, Z. H. (2012). Baseline sensitivity of Pestalotiopsis microspora, which causes black spot disease on Chinese Hickory (Caryacathayensis), to pyraclostrobin. Crop Protection, 42, 256–259.