PRINOS, FIZIČKE I HEMIJSKO-TEHNOLOŠKE OSOBINE ZRNA I BRAŠNA NOVE SORTE OZIME PŠENICE U RAZLIČITIM AGROEKOLOŠKIM USLOVIMA
Ključne reči:
pšenica (Triticum aestivum L.), kvalitet, prinos zrna, sorta, agroekološki uslovi.
Sažetak
Potreba za globalnom sigurnošću hrane nameće povećanje proizvodnje pšenice, kao treće najzastupljenije kulture u svetu sa značajnom ulogom u svetskoj i srpskoj ekonomiji. Iako oplemenjivanje i agrotehničke mere doprinose rastu prinosa, poljoprivreda se suočava sa izazovima poput klimatskih promena, degradacije zemljišta i rasta troškova inputa, što zahteva nove pristupe za stabilnost proizvodnje. Cilj istraživanja bio je identifikacija razlika u prinosu i kvalitetu zrna između široko zastupljene sorte pšenice Pobeda i nove sorte pšenice ML Grigorija, uzimajući u obzir uticaj genotipa i spoljašnjih uslova. Ispitivani su prinos i fizičko-hemijske osobine zrna i brašna sorti ML Grigorija i Pobeda, na šest lokaliteta u Srbiji tokom 2021/22. i 2022/23. godine. Ogledi su organizovani po planu slučajnog rasporeda u tri ponavljanja, uz standardne agrotehničke mere. Prinos je obračunat i korigovan na standardnu vlagu, dok su fizičko-hemijske i reološke osobine analizirane u akreditovanim laboratorijama prema SRPS ISO standardima. Ispitivani su i tehnološki parametri pšenice. Dobijeni rezultati su obrađeni statistički, metodom analize varijanse a za pojedinačna poređenja korišćen je test najmanje značajne razlike (lsd test). Rezultati su pokazali značajne razlike u prinosu, fizičkim i tehnološkim osobinama u zavisnosti od ispitivanih faktora. Sorta ML Grigorija je ostvarila visok prinos i dobar tehnološki kvalitet u povoljnim uslovima, dok je Pobeda imala stabilnije fizičke osobine i bolju stabilnost testa, što ukazuje da prilagođen izbor genotipa uslovima sredine, omogućava postizanje visokih i stabilnih prinosa i kvaliteta.
Reference
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Baljeet, S. Y., Yogesh, S., & Ritika, B. Y. (2017). Physicochemical and rheological properties of Indian wheat varieties of Triticum aestivum. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 9(4), 369-381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/QAS2015.0745
Carew, R., Smith, E. G., & Grant, C. (2009). Factors influencing wheat yield and variability: Evidence from Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 41(3), 625-639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1074070800003114
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Đurić, N., Trkulja, V., Simić, D., Prodanović, S., Djekić, V., Dolijanović, Ž. (2013). Analysis grain yield and quality of some cultivars of winter wheat in 2011 and in 2012. Zbornik naučnih radova Instituta PKB Agroekonomik, 19(1-2), 15-22.
Đurić, N., Cvijanović, G., Dozet, G., Rajičić, V., Branković, G., Poštić, D. (2020). Uticaj godine i lokaliteta na prinos zrna i komponente prinosa kod ozime pšenice. Selekcija i semenarstvo, 26(1), 9-18.
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Jocković, B., Ilin S., Mirosavljević M., Aćin V., Živančev D., Dražić T., Matković-Stojšin M. (2023). "NS Lenija-nova sorta ozime pšenice". Selekcija i semenarstvo 29(1), 61-68. DOI: 10.5937/SelSem2301061J
Kovačević, D., Oljača, S., Denčić, S., Kobiljski, B., Dolijanović, Ž. (2007). Održiva poljoprivreda: Značaj adaptacije agrotehničkih mera u proizvodnji ozime pšenice. Arhiv za poljoprivredne nauke, 68(244), 39-51.
Kaya, Y., & Akcura, M. (2014). Effects of genotype and environment on grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.). Food Science and Technology, 34, 386-393. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.2014.0041
Kristensen, K., Schelde, K., & Olesen, J. E. (2011). Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 149(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000675
Lakić-Karalić, N., Vasilišin, L., Vučić, G. (2021). Relationship between the test weight and some physical and chemical properties of the wheat kernel: Povezanost između hektolitarske mase i nekih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina pšeničnog zrna. Agro-knowledge journal, 22(4). DOI:10.7251/AGREN2104137K
Langridge, P., Alaux, M., Almeida, N. F., Ammar, K., Baum, M., Bekkaoui, F., ... & Zhang, X. (2022). Meeting the challenges facing wheat production: The strategic research agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative. Agronomy, 12(11), 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112767
Ljubičić, N., Popović, V., Ivošević, B., Rajičić, V., Simić, D., Kostić, M., Pajić, M. (2022). Spike index stability of bread wheat grown on halomorphic soil. Selekcija i semenarstvo, 28(1), 1-8. doi: 10 .5937/SelSem2201001L
Nagarajan, S., Tripathi, S., Singh, G. P., Chaudhary, H. B. (2007). Effect of genotype and environment on quality traits and grain yield of wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 67(02), 149-152.
Paunescu, R. A., Bonciu, E., Rosculete, E., Paunescu, G., Rosculete, C. A. (2023). The Effect of Different Cropping Systems on Yield, Quality, Productivity Elements, and Morphological Characters in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants, 12(15), 2802.https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152802
Randhawa, M. A., Anjum, F. M., & Butt, M. S. (2002). Physico-chemical and milling properties of new spring wheats grown in Punjab and Sind for the production of pizza. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 4, 482-484.
Rebouh, N. Y., Khugaev, C. V., Utkina, A. O., Isaev, K. V., Mohamed, E. S., & Kucher, D. E. (2023). Contribution of eco-friendly agricultural practices in improving and stabilizing wheat crop yield: A review. Agronomy, 13(9), 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092400
Republički zavod za statistiku, (https://www.stat.gov.rs/)
Singh, A., Gupta, O. P., Pandey, V., Ram, S., Kumar, S., & Singh, G. P. (2022). Physicochemical components of wheat grain quality and advances in their testing methods. In New Horizons in Wheat and Barley Research: Global Trends, Breeding and Quality Enhancement (pp. 741-757). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Shewry, P. R. (2009). Wheat. Journal of experimental botany, 60(6), 1537-1553.) https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp058
Sharma, I., Tyagi, B. S., Singh, G., Venkatesh, K., Gupta, O. P. (2015). Enhancing wheat production-A global perspective. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(1), 03-13. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i1.45935
Wu, P., Zhao, G., Liu, F., Ahmad, S., Fan, T., Li, S., ... & Cai, T. (2021). Agronomic system for stabilizing wheat yields and enhancing the sustainable utilization of soil: A 12-year in-situ rotation study in a semi-arid agro-ecosystem. Journal of Cleaner Production, 329,129768.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129768
Zećević, V., Luković, K., Đurić, N., Matković Stojšin, M., Savić, S., Mićanović, D., Knežević, D. (2024). Tehnološki kvalitet sorti pšenice gajenih po principima održive proizvodnje. Zbornik izvoda: Nacionalni naučni skup sa međunarodnim učešem Biotehnologija i savremeni pristup gajenju i oplemenjivanju bilja, S. Palanka, 110-113.
Banjac, B., Mladenov, V., Petrović, S., Vojnović, Đ., Begić, D., Šućur, R., Jocković, B. (2022). Varijabilnost pokazatelja tehnološkog kvaliteta genotipova pšenice u različitim mikroklimatskim uslovima. Selekcija i semenarstvo, 28(1), 43-54. doi:105937/SelSem2201043B
Baljeet, S. Y., Yogesh, S., & Ritika, B. Y. (2017). Physicochemical and rheological properties of Indian wheat varieties of Triticum aestivum. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 9(4), 369-381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3920/QAS2015.0745
Carew, R., Smith, E. G., & Grant, C. (2009). Factors influencing wheat yield and variability: Evidence from Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 41(3), 625-639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1074070800003114
Dadrasi, A., Chaichi, M., Nehbandani, A., Soltani, E., Nemati, A., Salmani, F., ... & Yousefi, A. R. (2023). Global insight into understanding wheat yield and production through Agro-Ecological Zoning. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15898.
Dolijanović, Ž., Kovačević, D., Oljača S., Simić, Jovanović, Ž. (2005). Značaj i uloga plodoreda u proizvodnji pšenice. Arhiv za poljoprivredne nauke, 66(235), 65-72.
Dolijanović, Ž., Kovačević, D., Oljača, S., Popović Đorđević, J., Simić, D. (2018). Prinos i hemijski sastav zrna ozime pšenice u organskoj i konvencionalnoj tehnologiji gajenja. Zbornik naučnih radova Instituta PKB Agroekonomik, 24(1-2), 139-144.
Dončić, D., Popović, V., Lakić, Ž., Popović, D., Petković, Z. (2019). Economic analysis of wheat production and applied marketing management. Agriculture & Forestry, 65(4), 91-100. DOI: 10.17707/AgricultForest.65.4.08 DOI: 10.17707/AgricultForest.65.4.08
Dziki, D., & Laskowski, J. (2004). Influence of kernel size on grinding process of wheat at respective grinding stages. 29-33.
Đurić, N., Trkulja, V., Simić, D., Prodanović, S., Djekić, V., Dolijanović, Ž. (2013). Analysis grain yield and quality of some cultivars of winter wheat in 2011 and in 2012. Zbornik naučnih radova Instituta PKB Agroekonomik, 19(1-2), 15-22.
Đurić, N., Cvijanović, G., Dozet, G., Rajičić, V., Branković, G., Poštić, D. (2020). Uticaj godine i lokaliteta na prinos zrna i komponente prinosa kod ozime pšenice. Selekcija i semenarstvo, 26(1), 9-18.
FAO (2018–2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/)
Iqbal, M. J., Shams, N., Fatima, K. (2022). Nutritional quality of wheat. In Wheat-recent advances. IntechOpen. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.104659
Igrejas, G., & Branlard, G. (2020). The importance of wheat. In Wheat quality for improving processing and human health (pp. 1-7). Cham: Springer International Publishing)
Jocković, B., Ilin S., Mirosavljević M., Aćin V., Živančev D., Dražić T., Matković-Stojšin M. (2023). "NS Lenija-nova sorta ozime pšenice". Selekcija i semenarstvo 29(1), 61-68. DOI: 10.5937/SelSem2301061J
Kovačević, D., Oljača, S., Denčić, S., Kobiljski, B., Dolijanović, Ž. (2007). Održiva poljoprivreda: Značaj adaptacije agrotehničkih mera u proizvodnji ozime pšenice. Arhiv za poljoprivredne nauke, 68(244), 39-51.
Kaya, Y., & Akcura, M. (2014). Effects of genotype and environment on grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.). Food Science and Technology, 34, 386-393. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.2014.0041
Kristensen, K., Schelde, K., & Olesen, J. E. (2011). Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 149(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859610000675
Lakić-Karalić, N., Vasilišin, L., Vučić, G. (2021). Relationship between the test weight and some physical and chemical properties of the wheat kernel: Povezanost između hektolitarske mase i nekih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina pšeničnog zrna. Agro-knowledge journal, 22(4). DOI:10.7251/AGREN2104137K
Langridge, P., Alaux, M., Almeida, N. F., Ammar, K., Baum, M., Bekkaoui, F., ... & Zhang, X. (2022). Meeting the challenges facing wheat production: The strategic research agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative. Agronomy, 12(11), 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112767
Ljubičić, N., Popović, V., Ivošević, B., Rajičić, V., Simić, D., Kostić, M., Pajić, M. (2022). Spike index stability of bread wheat grown on halomorphic soil. Selekcija i semenarstvo, 28(1), 1-8. doi: 10 .5937/SelSem2201001L
Nagarajan, S., Tripathi, S., Singh, G. P., Chaudhary, H. B. (2007). Effect of genotype and environment on quality traits and grain yield of wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 67(02), 149-152.
Paunescu, R. A., Bonciu, E., Rosculete, E., Paunescu, G., Rosculete, C. A. (2023). The Effect of Different Cropping Systems on Yield, Quality, Productivity Elements, and Morphological Characters in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plants, 12(15), 2802.https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152802
Randhawa, M. A., Anjum, F. M., & Butt, M. S. (2002). Physico-chemical and milling properties of new spring wheats grown in Punjab and Sind for the production of pizza. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 4, 482-484.
Rebouh, N. Y., Khugaev, C. V., Utkina, A. O., Isaev, K. V., Mohamed, E. S., & Kucher, D. E. (2023). Contribution of eco-friendly agricultural practices in improving and stabilizing wheat crop yield: A review. Agronomy, 13(9), 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092400
Republički zavod za statistiku, (https://www.stat.gov.rs/)
Singh, A., Gupta, O. P., Pandey, V., Ram, S., Kumar, S., & Singh, G. P. (2022). Physicochemical components of wheat grain quality and advances in their testing methods. In New Horizons in Wheat and Barley Research: Global Trends, Breeding and Quality Enhancement (pp. 741-757). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Shewry, P. R. (2009). Wheat. Journal of experimental botany, 60(6), 1537-1553.) https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp058
Sharma, I., Tyagi, B. S., Singh, G., Venkatesh, K., Gupta, O. P. (2015). Enhancing wheat production-A global perspective. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(1), 03-13. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i1.45935
Wu, P., Zhao, G., Liu, F., Ahmad, S., Fan, T., Li, S., ... & Cai, T. (2021). Agronomic system for stabilizing wheat yields and enhancing the sustainable utilization of soil: A 12-year in-situ rotation study in a semi-arid agro-ecosystem. Journal of Cleaner Production, 329,129768.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129768
Zećević, V., Luković, K., Đurić, N., Matković Stojšin, M., Savić, S., Mićanović, D., Knežević, D. (2024). Tehnološki kvalitet sorti pšenice gajenih po principima održive proizvodnje. Zbornik izvoda: Nacionalni naučni skup sa međunarodnim učešem Biotehnologija i savremeni pristup gajenju i oplemenjivanju bilja, S. Palanka, 110-113.
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2025/10/03
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