MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF SUNFLOWER CROPS DEPENDING ON THE LEVELS OF BIOLOGIZATION OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract
The research was carried out in 2018-2021. The field experiments were conducted in four replications by using the split plot design method. The study was dedicated to evaluation of the following cultivation technology elements: - A - sunflower hybrid: A1 - sunflower hybrid PR64F66 F1 (bred by Pioneer); A2 – sunflower hybrid Tunca F1 (bred by Limagrain); - B - the level of biologization of a cultivation technology: B1 (Traditional); B2 (Biologized І); B3 (Biologized ІІ); B4 (Organic); B5 (Extensive). The research showed that during the growing season, under intensive technology for sunflower cultivation, both the total colonization of the arable soil layer of the research plot and the amount of microflora by certain most principal groups decreased considerably in comparison with the variants where some elements of biologization or their complex application (organic cultivation technology) were implemented – by 6.1–40.9%. Application of modern insecticides of organic origin in the system of sunflower plant protection under biologized and organic cultivation technologies allows controlling a whole array of the most harmful phytophages and is not inferior to synthetic insecticides in effectiveness. The exception is protection of the crop against owlet moth larvae, which, because of their biological and ecological characteristics, require an insecticide preparation to have more systemic properties, which are not characteristic of organic preparations with minor exceptions. There was no residual insecticidal and repellent impact of biological preparations on the major cop pollinators – honey bees (their attendance of flowering inflorescences exceeded this index three times by the variants of intensive and biologized І technologies). Mechanic soil tillage as a method for the crop protection against weeds is an effective alternative to herbicide protection. Application of pre- and post-emergence harrowing with harrows and rotating hoes and inter-row tillage in the system of the crop protection against weeds as a component of biologized and organic technologies for sunflower cultivation is not inferior to application of soil and post-emergence synthetic herbicides in effectiveness, and it is even more effective by the control of the second-third waves of late spring species in the second half of the crop development.
References
Agro-Enzim product catalog (2021). Retrieved on 20th April, 2021 from www.agro.enzim.biz
Aksenov, I.V. (2001). Agrocenosis and sunflower yield. Scientific and technical bulletin of the Institute of Oilseeds UAAS, 6, 113-123.
Anishin, L.A. (2012). Plant growth regulators: doubts and facts. Offer, 5, 64-65.
Bayrak, N.V. (2008). Influence of non-root fertilization with REACOM on the system of plant photosynthesis. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karazin, Series: Biology, 8, 137-141.
Bazaliy, V.V., Domaratsky, Ye.O. & Kozlova, O.P. (2019). Influence of growth stimulants and biofungicides on the architecture of different sunflower morphobiotypes. Research and Production Journal: Engineering and Technology, 2 (111), 24-28.
Bazaliy, V.V., Zinchenko, O.I. & Lavrinenko, Yu.O. (2015). Crop production. (р. 353-371). Kherson: Green D.S.
Brent, K.J. & Hollomon, D.W. (1995). Fungicide resistance in crop pathogens: how can it be managed? Brussels: GIFAP.
Bulygin, S.Yu., Demishev, L.F., Doronin, V.A., Zarishnyak, A.S., Pashchenko, Ya.V., Turovsky, Yu.E., Fateev, A.I., Yakovenko, M.M. & Kordin, A.I. (2007). Microelements in agriculture. Dnepropetrovsk: Sich.
Bursela, M. (1995). Modern agroecological and social aspects of chemicalization of agriculture. Proposal, 1-2, 17-18.
Buryak, Y.I., Ogurtsov, Y.E., Chernobab, O.V. & Klimenko, I.I. (2014). Effectiveness of plant growth regulators and microfertilizers in sunflower seed production. Bulletin of the Central Executive Committee of the APV of the Kharkiv region, 16, 20-25.
Butenko, A.O. (2003). Influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of sunflower varieties and hybrids in the north-eastern region of Ukraine. Bulletin of Sumy NAU, 4, 139-141.
Eco-Rost product catalog (2021). Retrieved on 20th April, 2021 from www.ecorost.ua
Gritsev, D.A. (2015). Features of the formation of the sunflower crop when grown under different weed control systems. Agrarian Bulletin of the Black Sea, 76, 31-40.
Helafit Group (2021). Retrieved on 20th April, 2021 from www.helafitou.ua
Klimenko, I.I. (2015). Influence of plant growth regulators and microfertilizers on seed yield of sunflower lines and hybrids. Breeding and seed production, 107, 183-188.
Kysil, V.I. (2005). Agrochemical aspects of greening of agriculture. Kharkiv: Drukarnia №13.
Limagrein catalog. (2021). Retrieved on 20th April, 2021 from htts: lgseeds.com.ua
Lukhmenev, V.P. (2015). Influence of fertilizers, fungicides and growth regulators on sunflower productivity. News of the Orenburg State Agrarian University, 1(51), 41-46.
Malidža, G., Škorić, D. & Jocić, S. (2000). Imidazolinone–resistant sunflower (Helianthus annuus): Inheritance of resistance and response towards selected sulfonylurea herbicid. Proceedings of 15th International Sunflower Conference, Toulouse–France, 42-47.
Palamarchuk, V.D., Polishchuk, I.S., Yermakova, L.M. & Kalenskaya, S.M. (2012). Systems of modern intensive technologies. Vinnytsia: FOP Rogalska I.O.
Pashkevich, E.B. (2009). Biological substantiation of creation and features of application of biological products containing Bacillius subtilis for protection of plants from phytopathogens. Problems of agrochemistry and ecology, 2, 41-47.
Patika, V.P. (2001). Search for microorganisms and processing of new environmentally friendly drugs. Bulletin of Odessa National University. Biology, 6 (4), 228-230.
Ponomarenko, S.P., Gritsayenko, Z.I., Babayants, O.V. & Terek, O.I. (2017). World achievement of Ukrainian scientists for agrarian farmers (multicomponent biostimulators of plant development with bioprotective effect). Kyiv: Agrobiotech.
Roberts, D.A. (1981). Fundamentals of plant protection. Moscow: Kolos.
Ryazanov, S.F. & Shevchuk, O.A. (2018). Scope and ecotoxic assessment of chemical plant protection products. Plant Protection, 8, 102-117.
Sendetsky, V.M. (2017). Influence of growth regulators on sunflower yield during cultivation in Western Forest-Steppe conditions. Scientific Bulletin of NULES of Ukraine, Series: Agronomy, 269, 53-61.
Tarariko, Yu.O., Lychuk, G.I. (2014). Stimulators of plant growth in the system of organic farming. Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 5, 11-15.
Thomas, S.I. & Kravchuk, V.D. (1981). Microfertilizers and sunflower harvest. Chisinau: Shtiintsa.
Tkachuk, O.O. (2014). Environmental safety and prospects for the use of plant growth regulators. Bulletin of Vinnytsia Polytechnic Institute, 3, 41-44.
Tkalenko, G. (2015). Biological drugs in plant protection. Offer. Special number "Modern agricultural technologies and the use of biological products and growth stimulants", 6-14.
Tsandur, M.O., Druzyak, V.G., Yanyuk, N.A. & Khariponchuk, T.I. (2014). Employed couples as a basic element of organic farming. Bulletin of Agrarian Science, 9, 5-9.
Tsikov, V.S. & Matyukha, L.P. (2006). Weeds: pests and protection system. Research and production publication. Dnipro: ENEM.
Vavrinevich, O.P., Omelchuk, S.T. & Bardov, V.G. (2013). Estimation of modern assortment and volumes of fungicides application in agriculture of Ukraine as a component of state social and hygienic monitoring. Preventive Medicine, 4, 95-103.
Volkogon, V.V. & Dimova, S.B. (2010). Influence of microbial preparations on assimilation of nutrients by cultivated plants. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 5, 25-28.
Zhuykov, O.G., Ushkarenko, V.O., Burdiuh, O.O., Lavrenko, S.O. & Lavrenko, N.M. (2020). Photosynthetic activity and productivity of sunflower hybrids in organic and traditional cultivation technologies. AgroLife Scientific Journal, 9 (1), 374-381.