RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOCHTHONOUS SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) CULTIVARS FROM THE BALKAN REGION
Keywords:
Sweet cherry, vibrational modes, multivariate analysis, HPLC analysis, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates.
Abstract
Quality assessment and evaluation of fruits and vegetables are crucial in their postprocessing, shelf life, and price. Most of the techniques applied to evaluate fruit and vegetable quality are invasive. However, there's growing interest in non-invasive techniques for assessing fruit quality, which are gaining traction due to their application and operation mechanism. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the applicability of the Raman spectroscopy for spectral signature assessment of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars (’Đuti’, ‘Canetova’, ‘Ohridska crna’, and ‘Dolga šiška’). Combined with principal compound analysis (PCA), Raman spectroscopy was used in assessing nutritionally similar samples, such as the studied sweet cherry cultivars. Sugars (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, quantified by comparison to reference standards using high-performance liquid chromatography, exhibited Raman bands (at 337, 399, 455, 538, 617, 1327, and 1600 cm-1, respectively) of varying intensities indicating differences among cultivars. Compared to other cultivars, the ’Ohridska crna’ had the highest nutritional and health-promoting compounds. A correlation was found between the Raman bands and sugar and phenolic content obtained by chemical analysis. The results pointed out the applicability of chemometric modeling associated with Raman spectroscopy for rapid sweet cherry authentication.
References
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Edwards, H. G., Farwell, D. W., & Webster, D. (1997). FT Raman microscopy of untreated natural plant fibres. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 53, 2383–2392.
Eravuchira, P.J., El-Abassy, R.M., Deshpande, S., Matei, M.F., Mishra, S., Tandon, P., Kuhnert, N., Materny, A. (2012). Raman spectroscopic characterization of different regioisomers of monoacyl and diacyl chlorogenic acid. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 61, 10-16.
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Kang, L., Wang, K., Li, X. & Zou, B. (2016). High pressure structural investigation of benzoic acid: Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120, 14758–14766.
Kent, K., Charlton, K. E., Jenner, A., & Roodenrys, S. (2016). Acute reduction in blood pressure following consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice may be dose-interval dependent: A pilot cross-over study. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 67, 47–52.
Krysa, M., Szymańska-Chargot, M., & Zdunek, A. (2022). FT-IR and FT-Raman fingerprints of flavonoids – A review. Food Chemistry, 393, 133430.
Maiti, N., Kapoor, S., & Tulsi, M. (2013). Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy For Trace Level Detection Of Chlorogenic Acid. Advanced Materials Letters, 4, 502-506.
Menges, F. Spectragryph Optical Spectroscopy Software, Version 1.2.14. Available online: http://www.effemm2.de/spectragryph/(accessed on 27 October 2022).
Nakajima, S., Kuroki, S., Ikehata, A. (2023). Selective detection of starch in banana fruit with Raman spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 401, 134166.
Nekvapil, F., Brezestean, I., Barchewitz, D., Glamuzina, B., Chiş, V., & Pinzaru, S.C. (2018). Citrus fruits freshness assessment using Raman spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 242, 560-567.
Neng, J., Zhang, Q., & Sun, P. (2020). Application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in fast detection of toxic and harmful substances in food. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 167, 112480.
Petersen, M., Yu, Z., & Lu, X. (2021). Application of Raman Spectroscopic Methods in Food Safety: A Review. Biosensors, 11, 187.
Pompeu, D.R., Larondelle, Y., Rogez, H., Abbas, O., Fernández Pierna, J.A. & Baeten V. (2018). Characterization and discrimination of phenolic compounds using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools. Biotechnology, Agronomy and Society and Environment, 22, 13-28.
Schmitz-Eiberger, M., & Blanke, M. (2012). Bioactive components in forced sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.), antioxidative capacity and allergenic potential as dependent on cultivation under cover. LWT-Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46, 388–392.
Schulz, H., Baranska, M. & Baranski, R. (2005). Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers. 77, 212–221.
Schulz, H., Baranska, M. (2007). Identification and quantification of valuable plant substances by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 43, 13–25.
Seeram, N.P., Momin, R.A., Nair, M.G., & Bourquin, L.D. (2001). Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. Phytomedicine, 8, 362-369,
Seidler-Lozykowska, K., Baranska, M., Baranski, R., & Krol, D. (2010). Raman analysis of caraway (Carum carvi L.) single fruits. Evaluation of essential oil content and its composition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 5271-5275.
Średnicka-Tober, D., Ponder, A., Hallmann, E., Głowacka, A., Rozpara, E. (2019). The profile and content of polyphenols and carotenoids in local and commercial sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L.) and their antioxidant activity in vitro. Antioxidants, 8, 534.
Synytsya, A., Čopiokova, J., Matĕjka, P., & Machovič, V. (2003). Fourier transform Raman and infrared spectroscopy of pectins. Carbohydrate Polymers, 54, 97–106.
Usenik, V., Fabčič, J., & Štampar, F. (2008). Sugars, organic acids, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Food Chemistry, 107, 185–192.
Wiercigroch, E., Szafraniec, E., Czamara, K., Pacia, M.Z., Majzner, K., Kochan, K., & Malek, K. (2017). Raman and infrared spectroscopy of carbohydrates: a review. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 185, 317–335.
Xu, S., Huang, X., & Lu, H. (2023). Advancements and Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Rapid Quality and Safety Detection of Fruits and Vegetables. Horticulturae, 9, 843,
Xu, Y., Zhong, P., Jiang, A., Shen, X., Li, X., Xu, Z., Shen, Y., Sun, Y., & Lei, H. (2020). Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for food authentication: A review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 131, 116017.
Yıgıt, D., Baydas, E., & Güleryüz, M. (2009). Elemental analysis of various cherry fruits by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21, 2935–2942.
Yu, M.M.L., Schulze, H.G., Jetter, R., Blades, M.W. & Turner R.F.B. Raman microspectroscopic analysis of triterpenoids found in plant cuticles. Applied Spectroscopy, 61, 32–37.
Zaffino, C., Russo, B., & Bruni, S. (2015). Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of anthocyanidins. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 149, 41-47.
Zeise, I., Heiner, Z., Holz, S., Joester, M., Büttner, C., & Kneipp, J. (2018). Raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of Cucumis sativus. Plants 7, 7.
Zhu, N., Wu, D., & Chen, K. (2018). Label-free visualization of fruit lignification: Raman molecular imaging of loquat lignified cells. Plant Methods, 14, 1-16.
Ballistreri, G., Continella, A., Gentile, A., Amenta, M., Fabroni, S., & Rapisarda, P. (2013). Fruit quality and bioactive compounds relevant to human health of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown in Italy. Food Chemistry, 140, 630-638.
Baranski, R., Baranska, M. & Schulz, H. (2005). Changes in carotenoid content and distribution in living plant tissue can be observed and mapped in situ using NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy. Planta, 222, 448–457.
Boyaci, H.I., Temiz, H.T., Geniş, H.E., Soykut, E.A., Yazgan, N.N., Güven, B., & Şeker, F.C.D. (2015). Dispersive and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods in food analysis. RSC Advances, 5, 56606–56624.
Camerlingo, C., Portaccio, M., Tatè, R., Lepore, M., & Delfino, I. (2017). Fructose and pectin detection in fruit-based food products by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Sensors, 17, 839.
Clodoveo, M.L., Crupi, P., Muraglia, M., Naeem, M.Y., Tardugno, R., Limongelli, F., Corbo, F. (2023). The main phenolic compounds responsible for the antioxidant capacity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pulp. LWT, 185, 115085.
da Silva, C.E., Vandenabeele, P., Edwards, H.G., & de Oliveira LF. (2008). NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopic analytical characterization of the fruits, seeds, and phytotherapeutic oils from rosehips. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 392, 1489–1496.
Edwards, H. G., Farwell, D. W., & Webster, D. (1997). FT Raman microscopy of untreated natural plant fibres. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 53, 2383–2392.
Eravuchira, P.J., El-Abassy, R.M., Deshpande, S., Matei, M.F., Mishra, S., Tandon, P., Kuhnert, N., Materny, A. (2012). Raman spectroscopic characterization of different regioisomers of monoacyl and diacyl chlorogenic acid. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 61, 10-16.
Faienza, M.F., Corbo, F., Carocci, A., Catalano, A., Clodoveo, M.L., Grano, M., Wang, D.Q.H., D'Amato, G., Muraglia, M., Franchini, C., Brunetti, G., & Portincasa, P. (2020). Novel insights in health-promoting properties of sweet cherries. Journal of Functional Foods, 69, 103945.
Farber, C., Lee, Sanchez. L., Rizevsky, S., Ermolenkov, A., McCutchen, B., Cason, J., Simpson, C., Burow, M., & Kurouski, D. (2020). Raman spectroscopy enables non-invasive identification of peanut genotypes and value-added traits. Scientific Reports, 10, 7730.
Ferretti, G., Bacchetti, T., Belleggia, A., & Neri, D. (2010). Cherry Antioxidants: From Farm to Table. Molecules, 15, 6993–7005.
Filaferro, M., Codeluppi, A., Brighenti, V., Cimurri, F., González-Paramás, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., Bertelli, D., Pellati, F., & Vitale, G. (2022). Disclosing the antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of an anthocyanin-rich extract from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) using in vitro and in vivo models. Antioxidants, 11, 211.
Flores, K., Sanchez, M., Perez-Marin, D., Lopez, M., Guerrero, J., & Garrido-Varo, A. (2008). Prediction of total soluble solid content in intact and cut melons and watermelons using near infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 16, 91–98.
González-Gómez, D., Lozano, M., Fernández-León, M.F., Bernalte, M.J., Ayuso, M.C., Rodríguez, A.B. (2010). Sweet cherry phytochemicals: Identification and characterization by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS in six sweet-cherry cultivars grown in Valle del Jerte (Spain). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 23, 533-539.
Hammer, Ø.; Harper, D.A.; Ryan, P.D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron., 4, 9.
Jacob, R.A., Spinozzi, G.M., Simon, V.A., Kelley, D.S., Prior, R.L., Hess-Pierce, B., Kader, A.A. (2003). Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. The Journal of Nutrition, 133, 1826-1829.
Kang, S.-Y., Seeram, N.P., Nair, M.G., Bourquin, L.D. (2003). Tart cherry anthocyanins inhibit tumor development in ApcMin mice and reduce proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Letters, 194, 13-19.
Kang, L., Wang, K., Li, X. & Zou, B. (2016). High pressure structural investigation of benzoic acid: Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120, 14758–14766.
Kent, K., Charlton, K. E., Jenner, A., & Roodenrys, S. (2016). Acute reduction in blood pressure following consumption of anthocyanin-rich cherry juice may be dose-interval dependent: A pilot cross-over study. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 67, 47–52.
Krysa, M., Szymańska-Chargot, M., & Zdunek, A. (2022). FT-IR and FT-Raman fingerprints of flavonoids – A review. Food Chemistry, 393, 133430.
Maiti, N., Kapoor, S., & Tulsi, M. (2013). Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy For Trace Level Detection Of Chlorogenic Acid. Advanced Materials Letters, 4, 502-506.
Menges, F. Spectragryph Optical Spectroscopy Software, Version 1.2.14. Available online: http://www.effemm2.de/spectragryph/(accessed on 27 October 2022).
Nakajima, S., Kuroki, S., Ikehata, A. (2023). Selective detection of starch in banana fruit with Raman spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 401, 134166.
Nekvapil, F., Brezestean, I., Barchewitz, D., Glamuzina, B., Chiş, V., & Pinzaru, S.C. (2018). Citrus fruits freshness assessment using Raman spectroscopy. Food Chemistry, 242, 560-567.
Neng, J., Zhang, Q., & Sun, P. (2020). Application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in fast detection of toxic and harmful substances in food. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 167, 112480.
Petersen, M., Yu, Z., & Lu, X. (2021). Application of Raman Spectroscopic Methods in Food Safety: A Review. Biosensors, 11, 187.
Pompeu, D.R., Larondelle, Y., Rogez, H., Abbas, O., Fernández Pierna, J.A. & Baeten V. (2018). Characterization and discrimination of phenolic compounds using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools. Biotechnology, Agronomy and Society and Environment, 22, 13-28.
Schmitz-Eiberger, M., & Blanke, M. (2012). Bioactive components in forced sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.), antioxidative capacity and allergenic potential as dependent on cultivation under cover. LWT-Journal of Food Science and Technology, 46, 388–392.
Schulz, H., Baranska, M. & Baranski, R. (2005). Potential of NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy in natural carotenoid analysis. Biopolymers. 77, 212–221.
Schulz, H., Baranska, M. (2007). Identification and quantification of valuable plant substances by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 43, 13–25.
Seeram, N.P., Momin, R.A., Nair, M.G., & Bourquin, L.D. (2001). Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. Phytomedicine, 8, 362-369,
Seidler-Lozykowska, K., Baranska, M., Baranski, R., & Krol, D. (2010). Raman analysis of caraway (Carum carvi L.) single fruits. Evaluation of essential oil content and its composition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 5271-5275.
Średnicka-Tober, D., Ponder, A., Hallmann, E., Głowacka, A., Rozpara, E. (2019). The profile and content of polyphenols and carotenoids in local and commercial sweet cherry fruits (Prunus avium L.) and their antioxidant activity in vitro. Antioxidants, 8, 534.
Synytsya, A., Čopiokova, J., Matĕjka, P., & Machovič, V. (2003). Fourier transform Raman and infrared spectroscopy of pectins. Carbohydrate Polymers, 54, 97–106.
Usenik, V., Fabčič, J., & Štampar, F. (2008). Sugars, organic acids, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Food Chemistry, 107, 185–192.
Wiercigroch, E., Szafraniec, E., Czamara, K., Pacia, M.Z., Majzner, K., Kochan, K., & Malek, K. (2017). Raman and infrared spectroscopy of carbohydrates: a review. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 185, 317–335.
Xu, S., Huang, X., & Lu, H. (2023). Advancements and Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Rapid Quality and Safety Detection of Fruits and Vegetables. Horticulturae, 9, 843,
Xu, Y., Zhong, P., Jiang, A., Shen, X., Li, X., Xu, Z., Shen, Y., Sun, Y., & Lei, H. (2020). Raman spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for food authentication: A review. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 131, 116017.
Yıgıt, D., Baydas, E., & Güleryüz, M. (2009). Elemental analysis of various cherry fruits by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21, 2935–2942.
Yu, M.M.L., Schulze, H.G., Jetter, R., Blades, M.W. & Turner R.F.B. Raman microspectroscopic analysis of triterpenoids found in plant cuticles. Applied Spectroscopy, 61, 32–37.
Zaffino, C., Russo, B., & Bruni, S. (2015). Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of anthocyanidins. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 149, 41-47.
Zeise, I., Heiner, Z., Holz, S., Joester, M., Büttner, C., & Kneipp, J. (2018). Raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of Cucumis sativus. Plants 7, 7.
Zhu, N., Wu, D., & Chen, K. (2018). Label-free visualization of fruit lignification: Raman molecular imaging of loquat lignified cells. Plant Methods, 14, 1-16.
Published
2024/12/26
Section
Original Scientific Paper