UTICAJ ORGANSKOG I MIKROBIOLOŠKOG ĐUBRIVA NA MORFOLOŠKE I PRODUKTIVNE OSOBINE TRITIKALEA U SISTEMU ORGANSKE PROIZVODNJE
Sažetak
Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) je vrsta žita koja se uglavnom koristi kao stočna hrana, ali poslednjih godina raste interesovanje za gajenje tritikalea za proizvodnju hrane, naročito kod organskih proizvođača. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitivanje uticaja biohumusa i biofertilizatora na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea u zavisnosti od meteoroloških uslova u trogodišnjem periodu (2009/10-2011/12). Poljski ogled je postavljen kao dvofaktorijalni, po metodi blok sistema sa slučajnim rasporedom tretmana u četiri ponavljanja. Predmet ispitivanja bila je ozima sorta tritikalea, Odisej, a ispitivan je uticaj sledećih tretmana: kontrola bez đubrenja, biofertilizator (5.0 l ha-1), biohumus (3.0 t ha-1) + biofertilizator (5.0 l ha-1). Rezultati su pokazali da na ekspresiju ispitivanih osobina, spoljašnja sredina ima značajan uticaj. Najmanje vrednosti dobijene su u prvoj godini, koja je imala i najnepovoljnije meteorološke uslove. Đubrenje je imalo pozitivan, ali ne i statistički značajan uticaj na sve osobine. Primena biofertilizatora nije uticala na dužinu stabla i masu zrna u klasu, ali je značajno povećala broj plodnih klasića (3.7%), dužinu klasa (7.7%) i prinos zrna (18.6%). Kombinovanom primenom đubriva postignuti su bolji rezultati na sve ispitivane osobine, a razlike u odnosu na kontrolu kretale su se u nivou od 4.3% za broj plodnih klasića do 46.5% kod prinosa zrna. Najjača korelaciona povezanost ustanovljena je između dužine klasa i broja plodnih klasića (r = 0.939**). Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na zaključak da u promenljivim uslovima spoljašnje sredine, primena dobro izbalansiranih formula organskih i mikrobioloških đubriva ima značajan uticaj na morfološke i produktivne osobine tritikalea, a samim tim na stabilnost proizvodnje ovog useva u sistemu organskog gajenja.
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