KLIJAVOST POLENA I DUŽINA POLENOVE CEVČICE KAO POKAZATELJI UTICAJA TEMPERATURE NA GENOTIPOVE VIŠNJE
Sažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi uticaj genotipa, faktora spoljašnje sredine tokom tri uzastopne godine (2022–2024) i temperature inkubacije (17°C i 20°C) na klijavost polena in vitro i dužinu polenovih cevčica kod višnje, uz istovremeno praćenje fenofaze cvetanja. Kao material korišćeno je šest genotipova višnje i to: dve sorte stvorene u Republici Srbiji („Sofija” i „Šumadinka”), jedna introdukovana sorta (“Érdi Bötermö”), jedna autohtona sorta („Feketićka”) i dve perspektivne selekcije („GV-6” i „GV-10”). Fenofaza cvetanja je prikazana kroz početak, puno i kraj cvetanja. Da bi se utvrdila klijavost i dužina polenove cevčice, nakon ekstrakcije, polen je zasejan u Petrijeve posude na agarozno-saharoznu hranljivu podlogu i inkubiran na dve različite temperature tokom 24 h. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je vreme cvetanja variralo između godina kako u pogledu datuma tako i u pogledu dužine trajanja. Klijavost polena in vitro kretala se od 3,16% do 53,75%, dok se dužina polenove cevčice kretala od 225,6 μm do 960,2 μm. Ispoljene razlike između većine genotipova višnje bile su statistički značajne za klijanje polena i za dužinu polenovih cevčica. Takođe, razlike su bile značajne i između godina, dok temperature inkubacije nisu značajno uticale na varijabilnost ovih osobina. Značajan uticaj mnogih interakcija ustanovljen na osnovu analize varijanse ukazuje da je odgovor genotipova na uslove sredine bio različit, što se može objasniti razlikama u njihovoj stabilnosti. Poznavanje klijavosti polena i rasta polenovih cevčica ima ključnu ulogu u razumevanju vrednosti sorte kao oprašivača i sa aspekta komercijalnog gajenja i sa aspekta oplemenjivanja.
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