IZAZOVI EFIKASNOG KORIŠĆENJA VODE U POLJOPRIVREDI U AZERBEJDŽANU
Sažetak
Održiva proizvodnja hrane sve više zavisi od vodnih resursa i njihovog racionalnog i efikasnog korišćenja. Usled globalnih klimatskih promena i dezertifikacije, nestašica slatke vode postaće još izraženija. Azerbejdžan je zemlja izuzetno ranjiva na nestašicu vode zbog ograničenih unutrašnjih vodnih resursa, velike zavisnosti od prekograničnih reka, rastućih klimatskih rizika i neefikasnosti postojeće vodne infrastrukture. Nestašica vode je ključna prepreka razvoju poljoprivrede u zemlji, a postojeće sisteme za navodnjavanje karakterišu značajni gubici vode i niska efikasnost. S obzirom na navedeno, cilj našeg istraživanja je da identifikujemo probleme neefikasnog korišćenja vode u poljoprivredi i predložimo rešenja. Da bismo procenili nivo racionalnog korišćenja vode u poljoprivredi, ispitali smo pokazatelje kao što su zahvatanje i potrošnja vode, korišćenje vode za navodnjavanje i poljoprivredu, gubici vode usled ekonomskih aktivnosti, uticaj promena prosečne godišnje temperature na potrebe useva za vodom i raspodela vodnih resursa po regionima. Rezultati su pokazali da značajni gubici vode predstavljaju ozbiljan problem za poljoprivredni sektor i zahtevaju hitna rešenja.
Reference
AQUASTAT - FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture, (2025). SDG 6.4.2. Water Stress. Retrieved November 12, 2025, from https://data.apps.fao.org/aquastat/?lang=en
FAO. (2011). The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture (SOLAR): Managing systems at risk. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Earthscan.
FAO. (2020). The State of Food and Agriculture 2020. Overcoming water challenges in agriculture. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1447en
FAO. (2017). Sustainable Food and Agriculture A report produced for the G20 Presidency of Germany. Rome. Retrieved December 23, 2025, from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b48cb758-48bc-4dc5-a508-e5a0d61fb365/content
Frone D. F., Frone S., Stoian M. (2012). OBJECTIVES AND CHALLENGES OF WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 12, Issue 3, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 47-50.
Ibragimov A.G., Borulko V.G., Lukyanova I.A. (2021). Livestock and the Environment. Agrarian Science. 2021; 353 (10): 46–49.
Liu, X., Liu, W., Tang, Q., Liu, B.,Wada, Y., & Yang, H. (2022). Globalagricultural water scarcity assessmentincorporating blue and green wateravailability under future climate change. Earth's Future, 10, e2021EF002567 10.1029/2021EF002567.
NSEUWR, (2024). NATIONAL STRATEGY on the efficient use of water resources. Baku, October 10.
Schmitt R.J.P., Rosa L, Daily G.C. (2022) Global expansion of sustainable irrigation limited by water storage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Nov 22;119(47): doi:10.1073/pnas.2214291119. Epub Nov 14. PMID: 36375068; PMCID: PMC9704711.
Smita, M. (2024). Azerbaijan - Transitioning to Efficient Water Sector Institutions and Programs for Addressing Water Security Challenges (English). Washington, D.C. World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099082024072036955
CR. (2025). Space Monitoring of the Effects of Global Climate Change on the Republic of Azerbaijan. Climate Report. Retrieved December 20, 2025, from Climate Report
Suleymanov, F. (2023). The Role of Climate Change on Water Resources Management in the Southern Caucasus in the Post-Conflict Period. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 25(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-7-14165 https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4931/25/1/43
SSCAR. (2025). The State Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan Republic. Retrieved December 20, 2025, 2025, from https://www.stat.gov.az/source/digital_development/?lang=en,
Turan O., Kadagan O., Gurbuz I.B. (2023). FARMERS WATER USAGE PREFERENCES AND THEIR ATTITUDE TOWARDS EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 1, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 861-868.
Verdiyev, R. (2012). Water Resources Expert Baku, NATIONAL WATER STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. Seminar on MSD on SEIEE within the framework of the EU CI 7-8 June 2012. https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/water/npd/Water_Strategy_Rafig_Verdiyev.pdf
NRA. Water resources management ın Armenıa. Natıonal Report. Retrieved December 25, 2025, https://www.gwp.org/globalassets/global/gwp-cacena_files/ru/pdf/armenia.pdf
World Bank. (2024). Azerbaijan: General Water Security Assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Retrieved December 05, 2025, https://documents.worldbank.org.
World Resources Institute. (2019). Updated Global Water Risk Atlas reveals top water-stressed countries and states. Retrieved from https://www.wri.org/
Yawson D. O., Mulholland B., Ball T., Mohan S., White P. (2013). Food security in a water-scarce world: making virtual water compatible with crop water use and food trade. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 431-444.
