THE RESEARCH ON FEMALE MOTIVATION FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Keywords:
motivation, female entrepreneurs, factor analysis, non-parametric statistics, The Republic of Serbia
Abstract
Globalization, internationalization and overall technologization bring in a number of significant changes in modern business, and parallely with this, an increasing trend is growing presence of women in the business field as entrepreneurs. The main focus of the paper is to determine the significance of different entrepreneurial motivation defined by female entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia, depending on their age, education level, marital status, length of service and number of employees. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 162 female entrepreneurs on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test. The research results indicate that the motivation for entrepreneurship can be grouped into two key dimensions, or two factors. Non-parametric tests have found that there are differences in the significance of different motivation for women entrepreneurs of different age, education level, marital status, length of service and number of employees. The results of the research confirm that not all female entrepreneurs have the same opinion regarding the preferences of certain motives for entrepreneurship.
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Apergis, N., & Pekka-Economou, V. (2010). Incentives and Female Entrepreneurship Activity: Evidence from Panel Firm Level Data, International Advances in Economic Research, 16 (4): 371-387.
Bardasi, E., Sabarwal, S., & Terrell, K. (2011). How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions, Small Business Economics, 37 (4): 417-441.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41486143?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various chi square approximations, Journal of Royal Statistical Society, 16 (Series B), 296-298.
Brush, C. (1992). Research on Women Business Owners: ‘Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16 (4): 5-30.
Carter, S. & Bennett, D. (2006). Gender and Entrepreneurship, У Carter, S. & Jones-Evans, D. (Ур.) Enterprise and Small Business – Principles, Practice and Policies. Harlow: Prentice Hall
Carter, N., Brush, C., Greene, P., Gatewood, E., & Hart, M. (2003). Women entrepreneurs who break through to equity financing: the influence of human, social and financial capital, Venture Capital, 5 (1): 1-28.
Cronbach, Q. (1951). ‘Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests, Psychometrika, 16: 297—334
Díaz-García, M., & Jiménez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6 (3): 261-283
Greene, P., Brush, C., Hart, M., & Saparito, P. (2001). Patterns of venture capital funding: is gender a factor? , Venture Capital, 3 (1): 63-83.
Hair, F. J., Anderson E. R., Tahtam L. R. (1987). Multivariate Data Analysis, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
http://www.iiav.nl/epublications/2003/gender_and_power/5thfeminist/paper_346.pdf
Huarng, K-H., Mas-Tur, A., & Hui Kuang Yu, T. (2012). Factors affecting the success of women entrepreneurs, International Entrepreneurship Management, 8 (4): 487-497.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257679578_Factors_affecting_the_success_of_women_entrepreneurs?ev=auth_pub
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity, Psychometrica, 39, 31-36
Kamberidou, I. (2013). Women entrepreneurs: ’’We cannot have change unless we have men in the room’’. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2 (6): 1-17.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2192-5372-2-6
Klapper, L., & Parker, S. (2010). Gender and the business Environment for New Firm Creation, World Bank Research Observer, 26 (2): 237-257
https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1093/wbro/lkp032
Manolova, T., Carter, N., Manev, I., & Gyoshev, B. (2007). The Differential Effect of Men and Women Entrepreneur’ Human Capital and Networking on Growth Expectancies in Bulgaria, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31 (3): 407-426.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00180.x
Mukhtar, S-M. (2002). Differences in Male and Female Management Characteristics: A Study of Owner- Manager Businesses, Small Business Economics, 18 (4): 289-311.https://www.jstor.org/stable/40229211
Peris-Ortiz, M., Rueda-Armengot, C., & Benito Osorio, D. (2012). Women in business: entrepreneurship, ethics and efficiency, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8 (3): 343-354.
http://seipa.edu.pl/s/p/artykuly/90/909/Female%20%20Entrepreneurship%202012.pdf
Robichaud, Y., Zinger, T., & LeBrasseur, R. (2007). Gender differences within early stage and established small enterprises: An exploratory study, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 3 (3):323-343.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11365-007-0039-y.pdf
Santos, F. (2009). Women entrepreneurs across racial lines: issues of human capital, financial capital and network structures, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5 (3): 341-344.
Stevenson, L. (1986). Against all odds: ‘The entrepreneurship of women, Journal of Small Business Management, 24 (3): 30-36.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.), Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Vossenberg, S. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship Promotion in Developing Countries: What explains the gender gap in entrepreneurship and how to close it? Maastricht School of Management: Working Paper No. 2013/08: 1-29.https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=http%3A%2F%2Fweb2.msm.nl%2FRePEc%2Fmsm%2Fwpaper%2FMSM-WP2013-08.pdf;h=repec:msm:wpaper:2013/08
Weeks, J., Seiler, D. (2001). Women’s entrepreneurship in Latin America: An exploration of current knowledge. Inter-American Development Bank. http://www.iadb.org/publications/.
Xavier, S. R., Ahmad, S. Z., Nor, M. L. and Yusof M. (2012). Women Entrepreneurs: Making a Change from Employment to Small and Medium Business Ownership, Procedia Economics and Finance, 4: 321-334. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82708873.pdf
Published
2021/03/04
Section
Original Scientific Paper
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