SPECIFIČNOSTI KOMUNIKACIJSKIH PROFILA RODITELJA I DECE SA AUTISTIČKIM SPEKTROM POREMEĆAJA
Abstract
Ovaj rad predstavlja osvrt na dosadašnja istraživanja komunikacijskih i afektivnih specifičnosti u dijadama dece sa autističkim spektrom poremećaja i njihovih roditelja. Rad ima za cilj da utvrdi postoje li specifični obrasci komunikacije koji karakterišu ovu populaciju dece kada su u interakciji sa bliskim osobama. U pokušaju opisivanja osnovnih karakteristika ovih dijada, prednost je data deficitu neverbalne komunikacije koji deca sa autističkim spektrom poremećaja ispoljavaju, posebno deficitu zajedničke pažnje. Zatim su dijade prikazane sa aspekta afektivne razmene. Opisane su afektivne reakcije deteta unutar epizoda zajedničke pažnje, empatija deteta, kao i rezultati studija koje su uzimale u obzir emocionalnu reakciju majke. Nakon opisa specifičnosti, postavljeno je pitanje kakve strategije su u ovim dijadama u upotrebi u problematičnim etapama komunikacije ili tačkama prekida u komunikaciji. Takođe, u nameri da ukažemo na specifičnosti druge strane dijade ili roditelja, kao posebne varijable izdvojili smo stres i umor. Ovi faktori vrše snažan, svakodnevni uticaj na interakciju roditelja sa detetom. Naglašena je neophodnost uzimanja u obzir ovih faktora u postojećim terapijskim intervencijama koje se u velikoj meri oslanjaju na kapacitete roditelja.
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