ATTITUDES OF THE LOCAL POPULATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLING TOURISM - A CASE STUDY OF THE WEST BACKA DISTRICT
Keywords:
cycle tourism, cycling, tourist destination, West Backa district
Abstract
Cyclotourism, i.e. bicycle tourism, has experienced an extraordinary rise in recent years, in Europe, as well as in our country.In accordance with the wishes, needs and habits of the modern tourist who wants a new type of educational, adventurous and physically active holiday, and which finds its foothold in the development of this form of selective tourism.The modern tourist spends his free time (vacation) actively, that is, he tries to adapt to the life of the local population, where he learns the authenticity of the tourist destination.The task of the research is to examine the cycle tourism resources of West Backa district as well as to point out potential shortcomings in order to further develop this type of tourism as a special form of tourist offer.For the purposes of the work, a questionnaire was used, on the basis of which the conclusion was reached that the ongoing project "Amazon of Europe Bike Trail" has insufficiently improved the existing cycle tourism resources as well as the cycle infrastructure of this region.
References
1. Adventure Travel Trade Association. Adventure travel trends snapshot ATTA (2020), p. 62Available online: https://ecf.com/system/files/The_State_of_National_Cycling_Strategies_2021_final_0.pdf (accessed on 2 March 2022).
2. Bakogiannis, E., Kyriakidis, C., Siti, M., & Floropoulou, E. (2019). Reconsidering sustainable mobility patterns in cultural route planning: Andreas Syngrou avenue, Greece. Heritage, 2(2), 1702–1723. https://doi.org/10. 3390/heritage2020104
3. Bakogiannis, E., Vlastos, T., Athanasopoulos, K., Vassi, A., Christodoulopoulou, G., Karolemeas, C., . Tzika, E. (2020). Exploring motivators and deterrents of cycling tourism using qualitative social research methods and participative analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062418
4. Bielinski, T., Kwapisz, A. and Wazna, A. (2019), “Bike-sharing systems in Poland”, _ Sustainability, Vol. 11 No. 9, p. 2458
5. Bloy D., (2001). Pedalling Profit Understanding Cycle Tourist, Sheffield Hallam University Centre
6. C. Pforr, R. Dowling, M. Volgger (Eds.) (2011), Consumer tribes in tourism, Springer.World Tourism Organization. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 10.18111/9789284419876 UNWTO
7. Cekmis, A. (2017). Fuzzy modeling for route characteristic. Procedia Computer Science, 120, 112–119.
8. Cooper, J.; Leahy, T. Cycletopia in the sticks: Bicycle advocacy beyond the city limits. Mobilities 2017, 12, 611–627. 4. European Cyclists’ Federation. The State of National Cycling Strategies in Europe (2021) (ecf.com).
9. Di Marcello, R. (2016). I turismi in bicicletta come strumento di sviluppo del territorio. Analisi e prospettive in Italia e in Europa. Firenze: Homeless Book.
10. Du, D., Lew, A. A., & Ng, P. T. (2016). Tourism and economic growth. Journal of Travel Research, 55 (4), 454–464.
11. E. Bakogiannis, T. Vlastos, K. Athanasopoulos, A. Vassi, G. Christodoulopoulou, C. Karolemeas,Tsigdinos, C. Kyriakidis, M.S. Noutsou, M. Siti, T. PapagerasimouKlironomou, I. Stroumpou, E. Tzika (2020). Exploring motivators and deterrents of cycling tourism using qualitative social research methods and participative analytical hierarchy process (AHP) Sustainability, 12 (6) p. 2418, 10.3390/su12062418
12. E. Duran, F. Sevinc, S. Harman (2018), Cycle tourism as an alternative way of tourism development in Çanakkale, Turkey Journal of Awareness, 3 (4) pp. 2534, 10.26809/joa.2018445552
13. European Cyclists’ Federation. Cyclists Love Trains (ecf.com). Available online: https://ecf.com/system/files/Cyclists_love_ trains_report.pdf
14. European Parliament.Directorate general for internal policies policy department B: Structural and cohesion policies transport and tourism the European cycle route network Eurovelo (2012)
15. G. Silva, A. Correia, S. Rachão, A. Nunes, E. Vieira, S. Santos, L. Soares, M. Fonseca, F.A. Ferreira, C.M. Veloso, P. Carrança, P.O. Fernanda. A methodology for the identification and assessment of the conditions for the practice of outdoor and sport tourism-related activities: The case of northern Portugal. Sustainability, 13 (2021), p. 7343, 10.3390/su13137343
16. Gazzola, P., Pavione, E., Grechi, D. and Ossola, P. (2018), “Cycle tourism as a driver for the sustainable development of little-known or remote territories: the experience of the Apennine regions of Northern Italy”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 6, p. 1863
17. Han, H. and Yoon, H. (2015), “Hotel customers’ environmentally responsible behavioral intention: impact of key constructs on decision in green consumerism”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 45, pp. 22-33.
18. Han, H., Meng, B. and Kim, W. (2017), “Bike-traveling as a growing phenomenon: role of attributes, value, satisfaction, desire, and gender in developing loyalty”, Tourism Management, Vol. 59, pp. 91-103.
19. Hunter Cycling Network. (2005). Cycle Tourism in the Hunter Region, Report. Millers Point.
20. Kaplan, S., Manca, F., Nielsen, T.A.S. and Prato, C.G. (2015), “Intentions to use bike-sharing for holiday cycling: an application of the theory of planned behavior”, Tourism Management, Vol. 47, pp. 34-46.
21. Kasemsap, K. (2018). The roles of information technology and knowledge management in project management metrics. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Appl, 41(3), 1191–1221. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225- 5481-3.ch055
22. Kulczycki, C., & Halpenny, E. A. (2014), "Sport cycling tourists’ setting preferences, appraisals and attachments", Journal of Sport & Tourism, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 169-197.
23. L. Mundet, J. Marin, A. Figueroa.How to develop a road cycling tourism destination. Girona as a case study. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39 (2022), Article 100566, 10.1016/j.jort.2022.100566
24. Liu, G., Krishnamurthy, S., & van Wesemael, P. (2021). Conceptualizing cycling experience in urban design research: A systematic literature review. Applied Mobilities, 6(1), 92–108.
25. Lumsdon, L. (1996). Cycle Tourism in Britain. Insights, March, 27-32.
26. Lumsdon, L. (2000). Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism – A Model for Sustainable Development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism Volume, 8(5), 361-377.
27. Möller, H.; Haigh, F.; Hayek, R.; Veerman, L. (2020). What Is the Best Practice Method for Quantifying the Health and Economic Benefits of Active Transport? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 6186
28. Nanayakkara, P.K.; Langenheim, N.; Moser, I.; White, M. (2022).Do Safe Bike Lanes Really Slow Down Cars? A Simulation-Based Approach to Investigate the Effect of Retrofitting Safe Cycling Lanes on Vehicular Traffic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 3818.
29. Nocifora, E. (Ed.) (2011). Territori lenti e turismo di qualità. Prospettive innovative per lo sviluppodi un turismo sostenibile. Milano: Franco Angeli.
30. Oosterhuis, H. (2016). Cycling, modernity and national culture. Social History, 41(3), 233–248.
31. Poljičak, A.M., Šego, D. and Periša, T., (2021): Analysis of Cycling Tourism: Case-Study Croatia. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 11(3)., str.454.,[Internet],dostupno na:
https://www.academia.edu/49355182/Analysis_of_cycling_tourism_Case_study_Croatia
32. Pratte, J. (2006), “Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development”, Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 62-84
33. Roman, M. and Roman, M. (2014), “Bicycle transport as an opportunity to develop urban tourism–Warsaw example”, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 151, pp. 295-301.
34. Ruangwannasak, K., Sukkul, S., Suriya, A., & Dupandung, K. (2021). Meaning relationship between the original Ban Chiang pottery pattern stamps and modern auspicious patterns. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 42(2), 439–446.https://doi.org/10. 34044/j.kjss.2021.42.2.35
35. Schlemmer, P.; Blank, C.; Bursa, B.; Mailer, M.; Schnitzer, M. Does Health-Oriented Tourism Contribute to Sustainable Mobility. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2633.
36. Stoffelen, A. (2018). Tourism trails as tools for cross-border integration: A best practice case study of the Vennbahn cycling route. Annals of Tourism Research, 73, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2018.09.008
37. Topler, J. P. (2019). Research note communication skills in the tourism
38. U. Pröbstl-Haider, D. Lund-Durlacher, H. Antonschmidt, C. Hödl. Mountain bike tourism in Austria and the Alpine region – towards a sustainable model for multi-stakeholder product development Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26 (4) (2017), pp. 567-582, 10.1080/09669582.2017.1361428
39. Vedel, S. E., Jacobsen, J. B., & Skov-Petersen, H. (2017). Bicyclist’s preferences for route characteristics and crowding in Copenhagen. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 100, 53–64.
40. Verbeek, D.H.P., Bargeman, A. and Mommaas, J.T. (2011), “A sustainable tourism mobility passage”, Tourism Review, Vol. 66 No. 4, pp. 45-53
41. We are cycling UK. (2016). Briefing 1F. 1 Briefing 1F, 1–19. www.cyclinguk.org/campaigns
Internet izvor:
https://aoebiketrail.com/sr/home-srb/
2. Bakogiannis, E., Kyriakidis, C., Siti, M., & Floropoulou, E. (2019). Reconsidering sustainable mobility patterns in cultural route planning: Andreas Syngrou avenue, Greece. Heritage, 2(2), 1702–1723. https://doi.org/10. 3390/heritage2020104
3. Bakogiannis, E., Vlastos, T., Athanasopoulos, K., Vassi, A., Christodoulopoulou, G., Karolemeas, C., . Tzika, E. (2020). Exploring motivators and deterrents of cycling tourism using qualitative social research methods and participative analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062418
4. Bielinski, T., Kwapisz, A. and Wazna, A. (2019), “Bike-sharing systems in Poland”, _ Sustainability, Vol. 11 No. 9, p. 2458
5. Bloy D., (2001). Pedalling Profit Understanding Cycle Tourist, Sheffield Hallam University Centre
6. C. Pforr, R. Dowling, M. Volgger (Eds.) (2011), Consumer tribes in tourism, Springer.World Tourism Organization. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 10.18111/9789284419876 UNWTO
7. Cekmis, A. (2017). Fuzzy modeling for route characteristic. Procedia Computer Science, 120, 112–119.
8. Cooper, J.; Leahy, T. Cycletopia in the sticks: Bicycle advocacy beyond the city limits. Mobilities 2017, 12, 611–627. 4. European Cyclists’ Federation. The State of National Cycling Strategies in Europe (2021) (ecf.com).
9. Di Marcello, R. (2016). I turismi in bicicletta come strumento di sviluppo del territorio. Analisi e prospettive in Italia e in Europa. Firenze: Homeless Book.
10. Du, D., Lew, A. A., & Ng, P. T. (2016). Tourism and economic growth. Journal of Travel Research, 55 (4), 454–464.
11. E. Bakogiannis, T. Vlastos, K. Athanasopoulos, A. Vassi, G. Christodoulopoulou, C. Karolemeas,Tsigdinos, C. Kyriakidis, M.S. Noutsou, M. Siti, T. PapagerasimouKlironomou, I. Stroumpou, E. Tzika (2020). Exploring motivators and deterrents of cycling tourism using qualitative social research methods and participative analytical hierarchy process (AHP) Sustainability, 12 (6) p. 2418, 10.3390/su12062418
12. E. Duran, F. Sevinc, S. Harman (2018), Cycle tourism as an alternative way of tourism development in Çanakkale, Turkey Journal of Awareness, 3 (4) pp. 2534, 10.26809/joa.2018445552
13. European Cyclists’ Federation. Cyclists Love Trains (ecf.com). Available online: https://ecf.com/system/files/Cyclists_love_ trains_report.pdf
14. European Parliament.Directorate general for internal policies policy department B: Structural and cohesion policies transport and tourism the European cycle route network Eurovelo (2012)
15. G. Silva, A. Correia, S. Rachão, A. Nunes, E. Vieira, S. Santos, L. Soares, M. Fonseca, F.A. Ferreira, C.M. Veloso, P. Carrança, P.O. Fernanda. A methodology for the identification and assessment of the conditions for the practice of outdoor and sport tourism-related activities: The case of northern Portugal. Sustainability, 13 (2021), p. 7343, 10.3390/su13137343
16. Gazzola, P., Pavione, E., Grechi, D. and Ossola, P. (2018), “Cycle tourism as a driver for the sustainable development of little-known or remote territories: the experience of the Apennine regions of Northern Italy”, Sustainability, Vol. 10 No. 6, p. 1863
17. Han, H. and Yoon, H. (2015), “Hotel customers’ environmentally responsible behavioral intention: impact of key constructs on decision in green consumerism”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 45, pp. 22-33.
18. Han, H., Meng, B. and Kim, W. (2017), “Bike-traveling as a growing phenomenon: role of attributes, value, satisfaction, desire, and gender in developing loyalty”, Tourism Management, Vol. 59, pp. 91-103.
19. Hunter Cycling Network. (2005). Cycle Tourism in the Hunter Region, Report. Millers Point.
20. Kaplan, S., Manca, F., Nielsen, T.A.S. and Prato, C.G. (2015), “Intentions to use bike-sharing for holiday cycling: an application of the theory of planned behavior”, Tourism Management, Vol. 47, pp. 34-46.
21. Kasemsap, K. (2018). The roles of information technology and knowledge management in project management metrics. Global Business Expansion: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Appl, 41(3), 1191–1221. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225- 5481-3.ch055
22. Kulczycki, C., & Halpenny, E. A. (2014), "Sport cycling tourists’ setting preferences, appraisals and attachments", Journal of Sport & Tourism, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 169-197.
23. L. Mundet, J. Marin, A. Figueroa.How to develop a road cycling tourism destination. Girona as a case study. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 39 (2022), Article 100566, 10.1016/j.jort.2022.100566
24. Liu, G., Krishnamurthy, S., & van Wesemael, P. (2021). Conceptualizing cycling experience in urban design research: A systematic literature review. Applied Mobilities, 6(1), 92–108.
25. Lumsdon, L. (1996). Cycle Tourism in Britain. Insights, March, 27-32.
26. Lumsdon, L. (2000). Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism – A Model for Sustainable Development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism Volume, 8(5), 361-377.
27. Möller, H.; Haigh, F.; Hayek, R.; Veerman, L. (2020). What Is the Best Practice Method for Quantifying the Health and Economic Benefits of Active Transport? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 6186
28. Nanayakkara, P.K.; Langenheim, N.; Moser, I.; White, M. (2022).Do Safe Bike Lanes Really Slow Down Cars? A Simulation-Based Approach to Investigate the Effect of Retrofitting Safe Cycling Lanes on Vehicular Traffic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 3818.
29. Nocifora, E. (Ed.) (2011). Territori lenti e turismo di qualità. Prospettive innovative per lo sviluppodi un turismo sostenibile. Milano: Franco Angeli.
30. Oosterhuis, H. (2016). Cycling, modernity and national culture. Social History, 41(3), 233–248.
31. Poljičak, A.M., Šego, D. and Periša, T., (2021): Analysis of Cycling Tourism: Case-Study Croatia. International Journal for Traffic and Transport Engineering, 11(3)., str.454.,[Internet],dostupno na:
https://www.academia.edu/49355182/Analysis_of_cycling_tourism_Case_study_Croatia
32. Pratte, J. (2006), “Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development”, Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 62-84
33. Roman, M. and Roman, M. (2014), “Bicycle transport as an opportunity to develop urban tourism–Warsaw example”, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 151, pp. 295-301.
34. Ruangwannasak, K., Sukkul, S., Suriya, A., & Dupandung, K. (2021). Meaning relationship between the original Ban Chiang pottery pattern stamps and modern auspicious patterns. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 42(2), 439–446.https://doi.org/10. 34044/j.kjss.2021.42.2.35
35. Schlemmer, P.; Blank, C.; Bursa, B.; Mailer, M.; Schnitzer, M. Does Health-Oriented Tourism Contribute to Sustainable Mobility. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2633.
36. Stoffelen, A. (2018). Tourism trails as tools for cross-border integration: A best practice case study of the Vennbahn cycling route. Annals of Tourism Research, 73, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. annals.2018.09.008
37. Topler, J. P. (2019). Research note communication skills in the tourism
38. U. Pröbstl-Haider, D. Lund-Durlacher, H. Antonschmidt, C. Hödl. Mountain bike tourism in Austria and the Alpine region – towards a sustainable model for multi-stakeholder product development Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26 (4) (2017), pp. 567-582, 10.1080/09669582.2017.1361428
39. Vedel, S. E., Jacobsen, J. B., & Skov-Petersen, H. (2017). Bicyclist’s preferences for route characteristics and crowding in Copenhagen. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 100, 53–64.
40. Verbeek, D.H.P., Bargeman, A. and Mommaas, J.T. (2011), “A sustainable tourism mobility passage”, Tourism Review, Vol. 66 No. 4, pp. 45-53
41. We are cycling UK. (2016). Briefing 1F. 1 Briefing 1F, 1–19. www.cyclinguk.org/campaigns
Internet izvor:
https://aoebiketrail.com/sr/home-srb/