Rezultati zadržavanja i termalne desorpcije deuterijuma u EUROFER-u, novoj vrsti feritno-martenzitnog čelika niske aktivacije
Sažetak
U ovom radu ispitivano je zadržavanje i termalna desorpcija deuterijuma u gvožđu, hromu i EOROFER-u, leguri koja se razmatra kao najnoviji materijal za buduće fuzione reaktore. Studija je pokazala sledeće rezultate:
– zadržavanje deuterijuma u hromu je mnogo veće nego u gvožđu (usled formiranja hidrida hroma),
– zadržavanje deuterijuma u EUROFER-u je za faktor 2 veće nego u gvožđu,
– primećena je specifična struktura u koncentracionom profilu gvožđa i EUROFER-a na dubini ~ 4 μm,
– veliki stepen difuznosti i zadržavanja deuterijuma govore o potencijalnoj upotrebi Au kao difuzione barijere u fuzionom reaktoru.
Ključne reči: materijali za nuklearne reaktore, radijacioni efekti, difuzija, nuklearne rezonance.
Reference
Alimov, V.Kh., Mayer, M., Roth, 2005, Differential cross-section of the D(3He,p)4He nuclear reaction and depth profiling of deuterium up to large depths, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B, 234, pp.169-175.
Baluc, N., Gelles, D.S., Jitsukawa, S., Kimura, A., Klueh, R.L., Odette, G.R., van der Schaaf, B., Yu, J., 2007, Status of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel development, J. Nucl. Mater., 367-370, pp.33-41.
Baranowski, B., Bojarski, K., 1972, Hydride formation at high hydrogen pressure, Rocz. Chem., 46, pp.525-527.
Baranowski, B., 1978, Hydrogen in Metals II, pp.157-200. Ed. By G. Alefeld and J. Völkl, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.
Bohdansky, J., Wilson, Esteban, G.A., Perujo, A., Douglas, K., Sedano, L.A., 2000, Tritium diffusive transport parameters and trapping effects in the reduced activating martensitic steel OPTIFER-IVb, J. Nucl. Mater. 281, pp.34-41.
Esteban, G.A., Peña, A., Urra, I.,Legarda F., Riccardi, B., J., 2007, Hydrogen transport and trapping in EUROFER'97, J. Nucl. Mater. 367-370, pp.473-477.
Forcey, K.S., Iordanova, I., Ross, D.K., 1990, Investigation of structure dependence of diffusivity, solubility and permeability of hydrogen in hot rolled low carbon steels, Mater. Sci. Technol. 6, pp.357-363.
Fukai, Y., & Mizutani, M. 2002. Hydrogen Absorbing Materials. Phase Diagram and Superabundant Vacancy Formation in Cr-H Alloys. Mater. Trans., 43(5), pp.1079-1084. 43(5): 1079-1084. doi:10.2320/matertrans.43.1079.
Gasparoto, M., Andreani, R., Boccaccini, L.V., Cardella, A., Federici, G., Giancarli, L., Le Marois, G., Maisonnier, D., Malang, S., Moeslang, A., Poiterin, Y., van der Schaaf, B., 2003, Survey of in-vessel candidate materials for fusion power plants – the European materials R&D programme, Fusion Eng. Des. 66-68, pp.129-137.
Horton, L.L., Bentley, J., Jesser, W.A., 1981, J. Nucl. Mater. 104, pp.1343-1347.
Kohyama, A.,Hishinuma, A., Gelles, D.S., Klueh, R.L., Dietz, W., Ehrlich, K., 1996, The depth distribution of displacement damage in α-iron under "triple beam" ion irradiation, J. Nucl. Mater. 233-237, pp.138-147.
Kohyama, A.,Hishinuma, A., Gelles, D.S., Klueh, R.L., Dietz, W., Ehrlich, K., 1996, Low-activation ferritic and martensitic steels for fusion application, J. Nucl. Mater. 233-237, pp.138-147.
Langley, R.A., 1984, Hydrogen trapping, diffusion and recombination in austenitic stainless steels, J. Nucl. Mat. 128-129, pp.622-628.
Levchuk, D., Koch, F., Maier, H., Bolt, H., 2004, Deuterium permeation through Eurofer and α-alumina coated Eurofer, J. Nucl. Mater. 328, pp.103-106.
Lindau, R., Möslang, A., Rieth, M., Klimiankou, M., Materna-Morris, E., Alamo, A., 2005, Present development status of EUROFER and ODS-EUROFER for application in blanket concepts, Fusion Eng. Des. 75-79 pp.989-996.
Manhard, A., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Jacob, W., 2011, Quantification of the deuterium ion fluxes from a plasma source, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 20, pp.015-010.
Pressouyre, G.M. 1979. A classification of hydrogen traps in steel. Metallurgical Transactions A, 10(10), pp.1571-1573. 10(10): 1571-1573. doi:10.1007/BF02812023.
Redhead, P. A., 1962, Thermal desorption of gases, Vacuum 12, pp.203-211.
Schmid, K., Von Toussaint, U., 2012, Statistically sound evaluation of trace element depth profiles by ion beam analysis, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 281, pp.64-71.
Seeger, A., 1976, On the location of positive muons and solute hydrogen atoms in alpha iron, Phys. Lett. A 58, pp.137-138.
Snavely, C.A., 1947, Theory for the mechanism of chromium plating; A theory for the physical characteristics of chromium plate, Trans. Electrochem. Soc. 92, pp.537-577.
Spitsyn, A.V., Golubeva, A.V., Bobyr, N.P., Khripunov, B.I., Cherkez, D.I., Petrov, V.B., 2014, Retention of deuterium in damaged low-activation steel RUSFER(EK-181) after gas and plasma exposure, J. Nucl. Mat. 455, pp.561-567.
Tavassoli, A.-A.F., Alamo, A., Bedel, L., Forest, L., Gentzbittel, J.-M., Rensman J.-W., 2004, Materials design data for reduced activation martensitic steel type EUROFER, J. Nucl. Mat. 329-333, pp.257-262.
Van der Schaaf, B., Tavassoli, F., Fazio, C., Rigal, E., Diegele, E., Lindau, R., LeMarois, G., 2003, The development of EUROFER reduced activation steel, Fusion Eng. Des. 69, pp.197-203.
Wedig, F., Jung, P., 1997, Effects of irradiation and implementation on permeation and diffusion of hydrogen isotopes in iron and martensitic stainless steel, J. Nucl. Mat. 245, pp.138-146.
Wilson, K.L., Baskes, M.I., 1978, Deuterium trapping in irradiated 316 stainless steel, J. Nucl. Mat. 76-77, pp.291-297.
Wilson, K.L., 1981, Hydrogen recycling properties of stainless steels, J. Nucl. Mater. 103, pp.453-463.
Yao, Z., Liu, C., Jung, P., 2005, Diffusion and permeation of deuterium in EUROFER97: Effect of Irradiation and of implanted helium, Fusion Sci. Technol. 48, pp.1285-1291.
Ziegler, J.F., 2004, 2004, SRIM 2003, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 219-220, pp.1027-1036.
Vojnotehnički glasnik omogućava otvoreni pristup i, u skladu sa preporukom CEON-a, primenjuje Creative Commons odredbe o autorskim pravima:
Autori koji objavljuju u Vojnotehničkom glasniku pristaju na sledeće uslove:
- Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga Creative Commons licencom koja omogućava drugima da dele rad uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu.
- Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju rada objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je rad izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
- Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni rad onlajn (npr. u institucionalnom repozitorijumu ili na svojim internet stranicama) pre i tokom postupka prijave priloga, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog rada (up. Efekat otvorenog pristupa).