Negative ions and their role in the development of science and technology
Abstract
Negative ions are formed in the process of the interaction between the electron with the integrated electric dipole moment and the induced electric dipole moment due to polarization. In the continual regime, at orbital velocity, the emission of negative ions from the surface of the heat-shielding coating leads to the formation of a double electric layer with a very dense plasma while at the escape velocity the same emission of negative ions creates an explosive character of burning of the heat-shielding coating. In the free molecular flow regime, the emission of negative ions results in intense violet-blue glow while high positive potentials are induced on the surface of an aircraft. In nanotechnologies, the ionization of negative ions determines the parameters of vacuum arc discharge. Negative ions participate in the formation of an electrostatic machine in the human body.
References
Brattsev, V.F. 1966. Tablicy atomnyh volnovyh funkcij. Mocsow-Leningrad: Nauka (in Russian). (In the original: Братцев, В.Ф. 1996. Таблицы атомных волновых функций. – М.-Л.: Изд. «Наука». 1966).
Engebretson, M.J., & Hedin, A.E. 2012. DE-2 mass spectrometer observations relevant to the shuttle glow. Geophysical Research Letters, 13(2), pp.109-112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/gl013i002p00109.
Gretchikhin, L.I. 1985. Neravnovesnoe opticheskoe izluchenie vozdushnyh i kosmicheskih letatel'nyh apparatov. Minsk: Belarusian Polytechnic Institute. Ph.D. thesis (in Russian). (In the original: Гречихин, Л.И. 1985. Неравновесное оптическое излучение воздушных и космических летательных аппаратов. Минск: Белорусский политехнический институт. Докторская диссертация).
Gretchikhin, L.I. 2003. Vzaimodejstvie tverdogo tela s okruzhajushhej sredoj v rezhime svobodnomolekuljarnogo obtekanija (jeffekt Gretchikhina). In The First Belarusian Space Congress, Minsk, pp.31-33. October 28-30 (in Russian). (In the original: Гречихин, Л.И. 2003. Взаимодействие твердого тела с окружающей средой в режиме свободномолекулярного обтекания (эффект Гречихина). В Первый Белорусский космический конгресс, г. Минск, с.31-33. 28-30 октября).
Gretchikhin, L.I. 2008. Nanochasticy i nanotehnologii. Minsk: Pravo i ekonomika (in Russian). (In the original: Гречихин, Л.И. 2008. Наночастицы и нанотехнологии. Мн.: Право и экономика).
Gretchikhin, L.I. 2018. Formation of p-, n-conductivity in semiconductors. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, 66(2), pp.304-321. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg66-15935.
Gretchikhin, L.I., & Kamarouskaya, V.M. 2016. Negative ions of atoms and diatomic and triatomic molecules. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, 64(2), pp.447-464. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg64-9685.
Gretchikhin, L.I, Latushkina, S.D., & Kamarouskaya, V.M. 2016. Double electrical layer in the cathode spot. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, 64(3), pp.670-689. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg64-9851.
Gretchikhin, L.I., & Minko, L.Y. 1967. Ob analogii fizicheskih processov protekajushhih v impul'snom razrjade i pri vozdejstvii koncentrirovannogo lazernogo izluchenija. Zhurnal tehnicheskoj fiziki, 37 (in Russian). (In the original: Гречихин, Л.И., Минько, Л.Я. 1967. Об аналогии физических процессов протекающих в импульсном разряде и при воздействии концентрированного лазерного излучения. Журнал технической физики, 37).
Radzig, A.A., & Smirnov, B.M. 1985. Reference Data on Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Johnson, C.Y., & Heppner, J.P. 2012. Daytime measurement of positive and negative ion composition to 131 km by rocket-borne spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 61(3), pp.575-575. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/jz061i003p00575.
Mahon, W., Salter, R., Hills, R., & Delorey, D. 1983. Measured electron contribution to shuttle plasma environment, paper presented at Shuttle Environment and Operations Meeting, AIAA Paper No. AIAA-83-2598, Washington, D.C.
Massey, H. 1976. Negative ions. Cambridge University Press.
Papadopoulos, K. 1983. The Space Shuttle environment as evidence of critical inization phenomena. In Active Exp. Space. Proc. Int. Symp., Alpbach, Paris, pp.227-244. May 24-28.
Prince, R.H. 2012. On spacecraft-induced optical emission: A proposed second surface luminescent continuum component. Geophysical Research Letters, 12(7), pp.453-456. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/gl012i007p00453.
Proposed Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Proposed Policy for Military Technical Courier (Journals That Offer Open Access)
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).