Resonance heat transfer during the forced convection of the Al2O3 nanofluid in a horizontal channel with a heat sink
Abstract
Introduction/purpose: The continuous advancements in electronic device technologies have led to increased power densities, resulting in substantial heat generation during their operation. Efficient thermal management is essential to maintain optimal performance, prolong device lifespan, and prevent thermal-induced failures. Traditional cooling methods, such as air and liquid cooling, have reached their limitations in meeting the escalating cooling demands. Consequently, the implementation of nanofluids as a novel cooling medium has gained significant attention in recent years.
Methods: The current study aims to determine the wide band of the frequencies for which the heat transfer is maximal during the cooling of nine electronic components mounted on a horizontal channel using the Al2O3 nanofluid. This phenomenon is called resonance heat transfer, and it occurs when the frequency of external forcing (pulsation or oscillation) matches the natural frequency of the convective flow of the nanofluid. The finite volume method has been used to solve the governing equation. Two cases are considered in this work: uniform and pulsed inlet flow. The electronic components have been considered as heated blocks with the same space between them.
Results: The results show that the flow is unstable for the critical Reynolds number Re≈2000 Al2O3 nanofluid with frequency as the Strouhal number St=1.2 and a fraction concentration of 0.10. It corresponds to a flow velocity of 0.211 m/s and a dominant frequency of fr=34 Hz.
Conclusions: The enhanced heat transfer is calculated as the rate of Nusselt number of pulsation flow with the Nusselt number of uniform flow. An enhanced heat transfer rate can be achieved 30-170 % within a band of the Strouhal number St=[0.2-1.2] corresponding to a band of frequency fr =[12-34] Hz.
References
Abchouyeh, M.A., Fard, O.S., Mohebbi, R. & Sheremet, M.A. 2019. Enhancement of heat transfer of nanofluids in the presence of sinusoidal side obstacles between two parallel plates through the lattice Boltzmann method. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 156, pp.159-169. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.03.035.
Afrid, M. & Zebib, A. 1990. Oscillatory three‐dimensional convection in rectangular cavities and enclosures. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 2(8), pp.1318-1327. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.857582.
Bar-Cohen, A., Wang, P. & Rahim, E. 2007. Thermal management of high heat flux nanoelectronic chips. Microgravity Science and Technology, 19, pp.48-52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02915748.
Bar-Cohen, A. 1983. Thermal Frontiers in the Design and Packaging of Microelectronic. Equipment Mechanical Engineering, 150, art.number:53 [online]. Available at: https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570572699153144192 [Accessed: 02 January 2024].
Bouttout, A. 2023. Forced Convection during Cooling of Power Supply Box using Pulsation Flow with Piezoelectric Fan. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 18(6), pp.865-875. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/tee.23800.
Bouttout, A., Benissaad, S. & Bessaïh, R. 2014. Numerical Study of Forced Convection in a Horizontal Channel with Heated Blocks Due to Oscillation of Incoming Flow. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 65(6), pp.584-600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2013.836013.
Brinkman, H.C. 1952. The Viscosity of Concentrated Suspensions and Solutions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 20(4), art.number:571. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1700493.
Choi, S.U.S. & Eastman, J.A. 1995. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: International mechanical engineering congress and exhibition, San Francisco, CA, USA, November 12-17 [online]. Available at: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/196525 [Accessed: 02 January 2024].
Farhanieh, B., Herman, Č. & Sundén, B. 1993. Numerical and experimental analysis of laminar fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer in a grooved duct. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36(6), pp.1609-1617. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(05)80070-5.
Furukawa, T. & Yang, W.-J. 2003. Thermal-fluid flow in parallel boards with heat generating blocks. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(26), pp.5005-5015. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00357-0.
Greiner, M. 1991. An experimental investigation of resonant heat transfer enhancement in grooved channels. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 34(6), pp.1383-1391. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(91)90282-J.
Maxwell, J.C. 2010. A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511709333.
Mohammed, H.A., Alawi, O.A. & Wahid, M.A. 2015. Mixed convective nanofluid flow in a channel having backward-facing step with a baffle. Powder Technology, 275, pp.329-343. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.09.046.
Moon, J.W., Kim, S.Y. & Cho, H.H. 2005. Frequency-dependent heat transfer enhancement from rectangular heated block array in a pulsating channel flow. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 48(23-24), pp.4904-4913. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.06.006.
Moon, J.W., Kim, S.Y. & Cho, H.H. 2002, January. An Experimental Study on Forced Convection From a Rectangular Heated Block by Acoustic Excitation in a Channel Flow. In: ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, paper no:IMECE2002-33721, pp.81-88, November 17-22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2002-33721.
Parsaiemehr, M., Pourfattah, F., Akbari, O.A., Toghraie, D. & Sheikhzadeh, G. 2018. Turbulent flow and heat transfer of Water/Al2O3 nanofluid inside a rectangular ribbed channel. Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 96, pp.73-84. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2017.10.012.
Patankar, S. 1980. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, 1st Edition. Boca Raton: CRC press. Available at: doi.org/10.1201/9781482234213.
Pishkar, I. & Ghasemi, B. 2012. Cooling enhancement of two fins in a horizontal channel by nanofluid mixed convection. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 59, pp.141-151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.04.015.
Putra, N., Yanuar,nd & Iskandar, F.N. 2011. Application of nanofluids to a heat pipe liquid-block and the thermoelectric cooling of electronic equipment. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35(7), pp.1274-1281. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.04.015.
Young, T.J. & Vafai, K. 1998. Convective flow and heat transfer in a channel containing multiple heated obstacles. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 41(21), pp.3279-3298. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00014-3.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdelouahab Bouttout
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Proposed Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Proposed Policy for Military Technical Courier (Journals That Offer Open Access)
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).