Dynamic analysis of a vaulted dam
Abstract
Introduction/purpose: The dynamic analysis of a seismic response of a concrete vault dam is a complex problem in which the representation of the behavior of the material requires some form of a nonlinear model, especially if the concrete is subjected to a significant stress load of the ground. In the case of large movements of the latter, large cracks may form in some areas of the dam, especially at the base of the dam and near sudden changes in geometry.
Methods: This analysis was based on a numerical simulation of the dynamic effect. This work was carried out using the finite element method with the ANSYS 12.1 program. The dam was modelled in two dimensions. Four types of analysis were performed: static analysis, modal analysis, seismic analysis under excitation of two accelerograms (Asnam 1980 and Boumerdes 2003), and spectral analysis.
Results: This analysis showed the vulnerability of the Brezina dam to the Boumerdes earthquake with high stresses at the base of the structure.
Conclusions: Based on this study, it was concluded that if the Brezina dam suffers an earthquake of a greater intensity than that of Boumerdes, this will cause structural damage and cracks that will compromise the dam’s watertightness as well as its durability.
References
Aftabi Sani, A. & Lotfi, V. 2010. Dynamic analysis of concrete arch dams by ideal-coupled modal approach. Engineering Structures, 32(5), pp.1377-1383. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.01.016.
Asteris, P.G. & Tzamtzis, A.D. 2003. Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of Realistic Gravity Dam-Reservoir Systems. International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation, 4(4), pp.329-338. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1515/IJNSNS.2003.4.4.329.
Bathe, K.-J. & Wilson, E.L. 1976. Numerical methods in finite element analysis (Prentice-Hall civil engineering and engineering mechanics series). Prentice-Hall. ISBN: 978-0136271901.
Bayraktar, A., Hançer, E. & Dumanoǧlu, A.A. 2005. Comparison of stochastic and deterministic dynamic responses of gravity dam–reservoir systems using fluid finite elements. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 41(14), pp.1365-1376. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2005.02.004.
Bayraktar, A., Türker, T., Akköse, M. & Ateş, Ş. 2010. The effect of reservoir length on seismic performance of gravity dams to near- and far-fault ground motions. Natural Hazards, 52, pp.257-275. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9368-1.
Bilici, Y., Bayraktar, A., Soyluk, K., Haciefendioğlu, K., Ateş, Ş. & Adanur, S. 2009. Stochastic dynamic response of dam-reservoir-foundation systems to spatially varying earthquake ground motions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29(3), pp.444-458. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.05.001.
Calayir, Y., Dumanoğlu, A.A., & Bayraktar, A. 1996. Earthquake analysis of gravity dam-reservoir systems using the eulerian and lagrangian approaches. Computers & Structures, 59(5), pp.877-890. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00309-6.
Chopra, A.K. 1995. Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0-13-855214-2.
Chopra, A.K. & Gupta, S. 1981. Hydrodynamic and Foundation Interaction Effects in Earthquake Response of a Concrete Gravity Dam. Journal of the Structural Division, 107(8), pp.1399-1412. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005756.
Clough, R.W. & Penzien, J. 1975. Dynamics of Structures. McGraw-Hill College. ISBN: 978-0070113923.
de Araújo, J.M. & Awruch, A.M. 1998. Probabilistic finite element analysis of concrete gravity dams. Advances in Engineering Software, 29(2), pp.97-104. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-9978(98)00052-0.
Datta, T.K. 2010. Seismic Analysis of Structures. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-470-82462-7.
Der Kiureghian, A. 1981. Seismic Risk Analysis of Structural System. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 107(6), pp.1133-1153. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0002772.
Der Kiureghian, A. 1996. Structural reliability methods for seismic safety assessment: a review. Engineering Structure, 18(6), pp.412-424. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00005-4.
Fenves, G. & Chopra, A.K. 1987. Simplified Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams. Journal of Structural Engineering, 113(8), pp.1688-708. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:8(1688).
Ghaemian, M. & Ghobarah, A. 1999. Nonlinear seismic response of concrete gravity dams with dam–reservoir interaction. Engineering Structures, 21(4), pp.306-315. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00208-3.
Guan, F. & Moore, I.D. 1997. New techniques for modelling reservoir-dam and foundation-dam interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 16(4), pp.285-293. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(96)00044-9.
Jablonski, A.M. & Humar, J.L. 1990 . Three-dimensional boundary element reservoir model for seismic analysis of arch and gravity dams. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,19(3), pp.359-376. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290190306.
Küçükarslan, S., Coşkun, S.B. & Taşkın, B. 2005. Transient analysis of dam–reservoir interaction including the reservoir bottom effects. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 20(8), pp.1073-1084. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.05.004.
Li, S.-m., Li, H. & Li, A.-m. 2008. A Semi-Analytical Solution for Characteristics of a Dam-Reservoir System with Absorptive Reservoir Bottom. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 20, pp.727-734. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(09)60008-1.
Li, Q.S., Li, Z.N., Li, G.Q., Meng, J.F. & Tang, J. 2005. Experimental and numerical seismic investigations of the Three Gorges Dam. Engineering Structures, 27(4), pp.501-513. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.11.009.
Maity, D. & Bhattacharyya, S.K. 1999. Time-domain analysis of infinite reservoir by finite element method using a novel far-boundary condition. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 32(2), pp.85-96. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-874X(98)00077-8.
Maity, D. & Bhattacharyya, S.K. 2003. A parametric study on fluid–structure interaction problems. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 263(4), pp.917-935. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01079-9.
Miguel, B. & Bouaanani, N. 2010. Simplified evaluation of the vibration period and seismic response of gravity dam water systems . Engineering Structures, 32(8), pp.2488-2502. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.025
Millán, M.A., Young, Y.L. & Prévost, J.H. 2007. The effects of reservoir geometry on the seismic response of gravity dams. Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics, 36(11), pp.1441-1459. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.688.
Ross, M.R., Felippa, C.A., Park, K.C. & Sprague, M.A. 2008. Treatment of acoustic fluid–structure interaction by localized Lagrange multipliers: Formulation. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197(33-40), pp.3057-3079. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2008.02.017
Samii, A. & Lotfi, V. 2007. Comparison of coupled and decoupled modal approaches in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams in time domain. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 43(13), pp.1003-1012. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2007.06.015.
Singhal, A.C. 1991. Comparison of computer codes for seismic analysis of dams. Computers & Structures, 38(1), pp.107-112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(91)90128-9.
Wang, C., Zhang, H ., Zhang, Y., Guo, L ., Wang, Y. & Thira Htun, T.T. 2021 Influences on the Seismic Response of a Gravity Dam with Different Foundation and Reservoir Modeling Assumptions. Water, 13(21), art.number:3072 . Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213072.
Westergaard, H.M. 1933. Water Pressures on Dams during Earthquakes. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 98(2), pp.418-472. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0004496.
Xu, Y., Shao, C., Zheng, S., Li, X., Gu, H. & Zheng, D. 2024. A time series modeling approach for damage monitoring of concrete dam under seismic effects. Structures, 59, art.number:105656. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105656.
Yazdchi, M., Khalili, N. & Valliappan, S. 1999. Dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis via coupled finite-element-boundary-element method. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18(7), pp.499-517. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(99)00019-6.
Zienkiewicz, O.C. & Bettes, P. 1978. Fluid-structure dynamic interaction and wave forces. An introduction to numerical treatment. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 13(1), pp.1-16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620130102.
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdelkrim Benahmed, Otbi Bouguenina, Ali Meksi, Khaled Benmahdi, Khaled Bendahane, Mohamed Sadoun
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Proposed Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Proposed Policy for Military Technical Courier (Journals That Offer Open Access)
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).