Reliability of artificial intelligence in civilian and military applications

  • Slavko J. Pokorni Information Technology School, Belgrade
Keywords: artificial intelligence, reliability, availability, hardware, software, human, data

Abstract


Introduction/purpose The goal of this paper is to show the importance of reliability and availability for artificial intelligence (AI), which is in nowadays applying in almost every area of human life, civilian or military. Everything can fail, and AI is not an exception, as any other product or device. AI also need to be reliable. Artificial intelligence is mainly realized as software, but it involves hardware, data and human, so it is complex for building in and assessing reliability.

Methods: This research is done using published articles by the author of this work, and some other papers and documents.

Results: The result of this research is the brief definitions of reliability, availability, artificial intelligence, reliability of hardware, software, data and human, reliability of AI, and brief analyse of some reasons for unreliability of AI, such as quality of data, small or insufficient number of training and test data, training on unreal data, nature of learning algorithms and user incompetence.

Conclusion Reliability of artificial intelligence are very complex and very important, so it must be considered during the design and using.

Author Biography

Slavko J. Pokorni, Information Technology School, Belgrade

 

 

 

 

 

References

Banafa, A. Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Modern Military Applications. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/artificial-intelligence-ai-modern-military-prof-ahmed-banafa-e9sxc/ [Accessed: 25 December 2024]
Bathaee, Y. 2018. The Artificial Intelligence Black Box and the Failure of Intent and Causation. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology. 31(2) [online]. Available at: https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/assets/articlePDFs/v31/The-Artificial-Intelligence-Black-Box-and-the-Failure-of-Intent-and-Causation-Yavar-Bathaee.pdf
Blier, N. 2020. Stories of AI Failure and How to Avoid Similar AI Fails. Lexalytics, 30 January 2020. [online]. Available at: https://www.lexalytics.com/lexablog/stories-ai-failure-avoid-ai-fails-2020
Copeland, B.J. 1998. Artificial intelligence In: Encyclopedia Britannica. London: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. [online]. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
-Službeni glasnik RS, br. 23/2023. Ethical guidelines for the development, implementation and use of reliable and responsible artificial intelligence. Available at: http://demo.paragraf.rs/demo/combined/Old/t/t2023_03/SG_023_2023_007.htm. (In Serbian)
-European Commission. 2018. Draft Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. Available at: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/draft-ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai [Accessed: 21 July 2024]
-European Commission. 2019. A definition of AI: Main capabilities and scientific disciplines. Brussels: European Commission Independent High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence [online]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/definition-artificial-intelligence-main-capabilities-and-scientific-disciplines
-Government of the Republic of Serbia. 2019. Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2020-2025. [online]. Available at: https://www.srbija.gov.rs/tekst/en/149169/strategy-for-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-republic-of-serbia-for-the-period-2020-2025.php
Heaven, D. 2019. Why deep-learning AIs are so easy to fool. Nature, 09 October 2019. [online]. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03013-5
-IBM What is data reliability? Available at: https://www.ibm.com/topics/data-reliability. [Accessed: 15 March 2023]
-ISO. 2020. ISO/IEC TR 24028:2020 Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Overview of trustworthiness in artificial intelligence. [online]. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/77608.html?browse=tc
-Merriam-Webster. 2020. Artificial intelligence. In: Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. [online]. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artificial%20intelligence
-Microsoft. 2020. Azure AI guide for predictive maintenance solutions. [online]. Available at: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/team-data-science-process/predictive-maintenance-playbook
-NIST National Institute of Standard and Tehnology. US Department of Commerce. [online]. Available at: https://airc.nist.gov/AI_RMF_Knowledge_Base/AI_RMF/Foundational_Information/3-sec-characteristics [Accessed: 25 December 2024]
Author, S. 2002. Reliability and maintenance of technical systems. Military academy. Belgrade.. (in Serbian)
Author, S. 2014. Reliability of information systems. Information Technology School. Belgrade. 2014. (in Serbian)
Author, S. 2016. Reliability prediction of electronic equipment: problems and experience. In: 7th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies OTEH 2016, Belgrade, pp.695-700, 6-7 October. ISBN 978-86-81123-82-9.
Author, S. 2019. Reliability and availability of the Internet of things. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, 67(3), pp.588-600. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg67-21363.
Author, S. 2021. Current State of the application of Artificial Intelligence in Reliability and Maintainability. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, Vol. 69, Issue 3, pp. 578-593. Available at: https://doi:10.5937/vojtehg69-30434, ISSN 0042-8469, UDC 623 + 355/359
Author, S. 2023. Data-driven reliability and availability of electronic equipment. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier. Vol. 71, Issue 3, pp. 769-782, DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg71-43474, https://doi:10.5937/vojtehg71-43474, eISSN 2217-4753, ISSN 0042-8469, UDC 623 + 355/359
Author, S. 2024. Reliability of artificial intelligence. In: 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies OTEH 2024, Belgrade, 09-11 October 2024, pp. 643-64 6 doi: https://doi.org/10.5937/OTEH24118
-University of Cambridge. 2016. Enhancing the reliability of artificial intelligence. [online]. Available at: https://phys.org/news/2016-10-reliability-artificial-intelligence.html
-SDI Sentient Digital Inc. The most useful military applications of AI in 2024 and beyond. [online]. Available at: https://sdi.ai/blog/the-most-useful-military-applications-of-ai/ [Accessed: 25 December 2024]
-Talend. What is data reliability? Definition and assessment guide. Talend [online]. Available at https://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data-reliability/ [Accessed: 25 March 2023]
Published
2025/12/15
Section
Original Scientific Papers